干旱气象 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 415-425.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2024)-03-0415

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

引发广西一次区域性暴雨的低涡发展机制

覃皓1(), 王志毅2, 郭晓薇3, 刘晓梅1, 朱丽云3   

  1. 1.广西壮族自治区气象台,广西 南宁 530022
    2.中国气象局气候资源经济转化重点开放实验室,重庆市气象台,重庆 401147
    3.广西壮族自治区气象灾害防御技术中心,广西 南宁 530022
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-14 修回日期:2023-10-18 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-11
  • 作者简介:覃皓(1991—),男,工程师,主要从事天气、气候诊断及机理研究。E-mail:289055112@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFBA026340);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22080101);广西气象科研计划项目(桂气科2022ZL07);广西气象科研计划项目(桂气科2021QN02)

Development mechanisms of the vortex causing a regional rainstorm in Guangxi

QIN Hao1(), WANG Zhiyi2, GUO Xiaowei3, LIU Xiaomei1, ZHU Liyun3   

  1. 1. Guangxi Meteorological Observatory, Nanning 530022, China
    2. China Meteorological Administration Economic Transformation of Climate Resources Key Laboratory, Chongqing Meteorological Observatory, Chongqing 401147, China
    3. Guangxi Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center, Nanning 530022, China
  • Received:2023-05-14 Revised:2023-10-18 Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-11

摘要:

低涡是造成广西区域性暴雨的关键系统,了解其发展维持机制对于暴雨预报具有重要意义。利用多源观测数据及欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5再分析数据,对引发2022年6月10—11日广西区域性暴雨的低涡发展维持机制进行诊断分析。结果表明:低涡生成于桂西北后稳定少动,为区域性暴雨的发生发展提供热、动力条件,对流云团及降水落区主要分布在低涡东侧及南侧。涡度方程诊断表明,低涡的发展维持主要受涡度平流项和水平散度项影响,其中地转风分量使局地涡度不断减小,而非地转风分量则使局地涡度不断增加,水平散度项是造成低涡发展维持的主要原因。在惯性振荡机制影响下,低涡中心偏北一侧非地转风场随时间变化具有明显的顺时针旋转特征。非地转风旋转为偏北风时与低涡中心附近的偏南非地转风辐合,造成非地转风分量水平散度项对局地涡度的显著贡献,使得低涡发展维持。对流层中层附近的潜热加热正反馈也有利于低层低涡的发展维持。

关键词: 低涡, 机制, 涡度方程, 惯性振荡, 非地转, 潜热加热

Abstract:

Vortex is the key system that causes regional rainstorms in Guangxi, it is important to clarify its development and maintenance mechanism for rainstorm forecast. Based on the diagnosis analysis method, the development and maintenance mechanism of the vortex causing a regional rainstorm in Guangxi on June 10-11, 2022 is studied by using multi-source observation data and ERA5 reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The results show that the vortex generated in northwest Guangxi and stayed stably and moved little, which provided thermal and dynamic conditions for the occurrence and development of the regional rainstorm. Convective cloud clusters and precipitation areas were mainly distributed in the east and south sides of the vortex. The diagnosis of vorticity equation shows that the development and maintenance of the vortex are mainly affected by the vorticity advection and horizontal divergence terms. The geostrophic component consumes the local vorticity continuously in the whole process, while the ageostrophic wind component contributes to the local vorticity. The horizontal divergence term of the ageostrophic wind component is the main reason for the development and maintenance of the vortex. Under the influence of the inertial oscillation mechanism, the ageostrophic wind on the north side of the vortex center shows obvious clockwise rotation with time. The ageostrophic wind rotates to the northerly wind and converges with the southerly ageostrophic wind near the vortex center, which leads to the development and maintenance of the vortex. The positive feedback of latent heating near the mid troposphere is also conducive to the development and maintenance of the vortex.

Key words: vortex, mechanism, vorticity equation, inertial oscillation, ageostrophic, latent heating

中图分类号: