干旱气象 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 426-436.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2024)-03-0426

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

山西极端暴雨环流特征及水汽异常研究

周晋红1(), 王秀明2(), 田晓婷1, 张泽秀1, 李树文1, 蔡晓芳1   

  1. 1.太原市气象局,山西 太原 030082
    2.中国气象局气象干部培训学院,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-17 修回日期:2023-09-28 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-11
  • 通讯作者: 王秀明(1977—),女,湖南长沙人,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事灾害性强对流天气形成机理和数值模拟研究。E-mail: wangxm@cma.gov.cn
  • 作者简介:周晋红(1968—),女,山西太原人,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事灾害性天气形成机理及预报技术研究。E-mail: zjhlwh@sohu.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省科技厅山西省应用基础研究计划面上自然基金项目(201901D111464)

Study on circulation characteristics and water vapor anomaly of extreme rainstorm events in Shanxi Province

ZHOU Jinhong1(), WANG Xiuming2(), TIAN Xiaoting1, ZHANG Zexiu1, LI Shuwen1, CAI Xiaofang1   

  1. 1. Taiyuan Meteorological Bureau, Taiyuan 030082, China
    2. China Meteorological Administration Training Centre, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-11-17 Revised:2023-09-28 Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-11

摘要:

研究山西极端暴雨发生规律对开展预报预警、灾害防御具有重要意义。本文利用常规观测资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析资料(ERA5),采用标准化距平作为异常度,运用环流分析和物理量诊断等方法,研究1981—2018年6—9月山西17次极端暴雨的气候特征、环流影响系统和水汽异常特征。结果表明:山西极端暴雨主要出现在7—8月,暴雨区主要位于中南部,2010年以来极端暴雨明显多发;影响系统主要是700 hPa低涡和台风系统,有偏南和偏东两支水汽通道。极端暴雨过程中,低层水汽含量明显偏高,从暴雨区平均比湿的过程最大值看,大部分过程850 hPa超过14.2 g·kg-1,700 hPa则可超过9.8 g·kg-1、对应暴雨区平均异常度达1.6 以上;水汽的极端性在低层水汽通量辐合中心表现突出,17次极端暴雨700、850 hPa暴雨区水汽通量辐合中心过程最大值的异常度均值分别达-8、-6,其中台风减弱低压影响下的极端暴雨850 hPa水汽通量辐合中心最大异常度达-12。根据以上环流和水汽特征建立极端暴雨概念模型,并给出极端暴雨低层水汽含量和水汽通量辐合强度预报参考指标。

关键词: 极端暴雨, 环流特征, 水汽异常, 预报指标

Abstract:

Study on the regularity of extreme rainstorm in Shanxi Province is of great significance for carrying out forecast and warning and disaster prevention. Based on the conventional observation data and the fifth generation atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the climatic characteristics, circulation impact systems, and water vapor anomaly characteristics were studied about 17 extreme rainstorm events in Shanxi Province from June to September during 1981-2018 by using circulation analysis and physical quantity diagnostics methods, along with using standardized anomaly as abnormal degree. The results show that extreme rainstorms in Shanxi Province mainly occurred in July and August, the rainstorm areas were mainly located in the central and southern parts, extreme rainstorms have occurred more frequently since 2010. The main impact systems were 700 hPa low vortex and typhoon system, and there were two water vapor channels from south and east. The moisture in the lower layers were significantly high during extreme rainstorms, for the maximum value of mean specific humidity on rainstorm area during extreme rainstorm process, most cases exceeded 14.2 g·kg-1 on 850 hPa, and exceeded 9.8 g·kg-1 on 700 hPa, which corresponding average abnormal degree on rainstorm areas exceeded 1.6. The extreme of water vapor was prominent in the vapor flux convergence center in the lower layers, the mean abnormal degree for the maximum values of the vapor flux convergence center during the process over rainstorm areas on 700, 850 hPa for 17 extreme rainstorms were -8, -6, respectively, wherein, the maximum abnormal degree of vapor flux convergence center on 850 hPa under the extreme rainstorm influenced by weakened typhoon low pressure could up to -12. Based on above circulation and water vapor characteristics, the conceptual models of extreme rainstorm are established, the forecasting reference indexes of moisture content and vapor flux convergence intensity on low layers are given.

Key words: extreme rainstorm, circulation characteristics, water vapor anomaly, forecasting index

中图分类号: