干旱气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 967-975.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2025-06-0967

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川盆地霾天气过程水汽演化特征及与大气能见度的关系

朱瑶1,2(), 唐露1,2, 倪长健1,2, 李娜1,2, 唐得智1,2, 李昕翼3()   

  1. 1.成都信息工程大学大气科学学院四川 成都 610225
    2.成都平原城市气象与环境四川省野外科学观测研究站四川 成都 610225
    3.成都市气象局四川 成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-10 修回日期:2025-09-30 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2026-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 李昕翼(1987—),女,高级工程师,主要从事短时临近预报与气象环境相关研究。E-mail: 493423102@qq.com
  • 作者简介:朱瑶(2000—),女,硕士生,主要从事大气环境与大气物理相关研究。E-mail: zyao0929@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技教育联合基金项目(2024NSFSC1983);与国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3709301)

Evolution characteristics of water vapor and its relationship with atmospheric visibility during haze processes in Sichuan Basin

ZHU Yao1,2(), TANG Lu1,2, NI Changjian1,2, LI Na1,2, TANG Dezhi1,2, LI Xinyi3()   

  1. 1. School of Atmospheric SciencesChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225, China
    2. Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu 610225, China
    3. Chengdu Meteorological BureauChengdu 611130, China
  • Received:2025-06-10 Revised:2025-09-30 Online:2025-12-31 Published:2026-01-19

摘要:

霾的形成与演化涉及多尺度大气物理、化学过程。“高湿”是四川盆地的典型污染气象特征,也是灰霾发展的重要因素。基于2015—2018年欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5再分析资料及地面常规环境气象观测数据,系统分析了四川盆地冬季霾天气过程水汽演变特征及其与大气能见度的关系。结果表明:1)霾天气过程中四川盆地平均区域净水汽收支为(3.40±2.92)×106 kg·s-1,整体呈水汽盈余;西、南边界为主要水汽输入通道,东边界表现为净输出,北边界输送具有不确定性。2)霾天气过程从形成、发展到持续阶段,对流层低层(700 hPa以下)水汽含量持续增加,水汽高值舌向北伸展、覆盖范围逐渐扩大。3)对流层低层水汽的增加有利于增强气溶胶吸湿增长,导致质量消光系数增大,从而加剧大气能见度降低。

关键词: 霾, 水汽, 演化特征, 大气能见度, 四川盆地

Abstract:

The formation and evolution of haze involve multi-scale atmospheric physical and chemical processes. “High humidity” is a typical pollution-related meteorological characteristic of the Sichuan Basin and an important influencing factor for haze development. Based on ERA5 reanalysis data from 2015 to 2018 and ground-based conventional environmental meteorological observations, this study systematically analyzed the evolution characteristics of water vapor and its relationship with atmospheric visibility during winter haze processes in the Sichuan Basin. The results show that: 1) The mean regional net water vapor budget during winter haze processes in the Sichuan Basin is (3.40±2.92)×106 kg·s-1, indicating an overall water vapor surplus; the western and southern boundaries are the main water vapor input pathways, the eastern boundary shows net output, and water vapor transport across the northern boundary exhibits uncertainty. 2) As the haze processes evolve from the formation to the development and persistence stages, the lower-tropospheric (below 700 hPa) water vapor content increases continuously, and the water-vapor high-value tongue extends northward with an expanding coverage. 3) The increase in lower-tropospheric water vapor facilitates the hygroscopic growth of near-surface aerosols, thereby increasing the mass extinction coefficient and consequently reducing atmospheric visibility.

Key words: haze, water vapor, evolution characteristics, atmospheric visibility, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号: