干旱气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 976-986.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2025-06-0976

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

宁夏云物理与人工影响天气研究进展

舒志亮1,2,3(), 胡文东2,3(), 常倬林2, 姚思源2, 王瑞欣3, 彭玉3   

  1. 1.兰州大学资源环境学院甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室宁夏 银川 750002
    3.成都信息工程大学大气科学学院四川 成都 610225
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-28 修回日期:2025-06-30 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2026-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 胡文东(1966—),研究员,从事灾害性天气分析研究。E-mail:Hu.wendong@163.com
  • 作者简介:舒志亮(1981—),正研级高工,从事人工影响天气研究。E-mail:8633204@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2025AAC020051);国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U22A20577)

Review of cloud physics and weather modification research in Ningxia

SHU Zhiliang1,2,3(), HU Wendong2,3(), CHANG Zhuolin2, YAO Siyuan2, WANG Ruixin3, PENG Yu3   

  1. 1. College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, China
    2. Ningxia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and MitigationYinchuan 750002, China
    3. School of Atmospheric SciencesChengdu University of Information & TechnologyChengdu 610225, China
  • Received:2025-04-28 Revised:2025-06-30 Online:2025-12-31 Published:2026-01-19

摘要:

为应对宁夏气候干旱的现实问题,解决人工增雨和防雹工作中的技术难题,宁夏气象工作者经数十年持续努力,在云物理科学基础与人工影响天气业务领域取得了丰硕成果。本文从宏微观物理降水机制、云凝结核与冰核、人工增雨技术、人工防雹技术、大气水汽与地形对人工增雨的影响、雷达技术在人工影响天气中的应用,以及人工影响天气作业优化研究等方面进行回顾。以往工作对层状云微物理结构与地形动力抬升的协同作用机制、水汽分布与变化对人工影响天气的效应、空中云水资源开发潜力、不同类别凝结核特征与催化效果等关键问题逐渐形成了成熟认识;在人工影响天气作业安全保障、复杂背景下突发危险天气识别、不同天气形势下作业指标构建、人工影响天气作业体系构建等方面取得了重要成果;同时,积累了丰富的作业经验,建立了强大的专业队伍并取得显著成效。面向宁夏增雨防雹的迫切需求与持续发展的技术态势,探讨了未来进一步努力的方向。

关键词: 宁夏, 人工影响天气, 云物理学, 增雨, 防雹

Abstract:

To address the reality of the arid climate in Ningxia and solve the technical problems in artificial rainfall enhancement and hail prevention work, the meteorological workers in Ningxia have made continuous efforts over several decades and have achieved fruitful results in the field of cloud physics science and artificial weather modification operations. This review synthesizes key research domains, including macro and micro physical precipitation mechanisms, cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei, technologies for artificial rain enhancement and hail prevention, the influence of atmospheric water vapor and topography on artificial rainfall enhancement, radar applications in monitoring and guiding operations, and optimization strategies for weather modification practices. Prior studies have established well-developed understandings of critical issues such as the synergistic effect mechanism of the microphysical structure of stratiform clouds and terrain dynamic uplift, the effect of water vapor distribution and changes on weather modification, the exploitable potential of aerial cloud water resources, and the characteristics and catalytic performance of different types of condensation nuclei. Substantial progress has also been achieved in ensuring operational safety, identifying sudden hazardous weather under complex meteorological conditions, developing situation-specific operational decision criteria, and constructing an integrated weather modification system. In light of Ningxia’s pressing demands for effective rain enhancement and hail mitigation, along with evolving technological capabilities, this paper further explores strategic directions for future research and development.

Key words: Ningxia, artificial weather modification, cloud physics, rain enhancement, hail prevention

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