干旱气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 878-890.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2025-06-0878

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

京津冀地区“23·7”特大暴雨精细化特征及成因分析

姬雪帅1,2(), 康博思2, 侯晓琦2, 郭旭晖2, 石文伯2, 黄山江2()   

  1. 1.成都信息工程大学大气科学学院四川 成都 610225
    2.河北省张家口市气象局河北 张家口 075000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-22 修回日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2026-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 黄山江(1969—),男,正高级工程师,主要从事中短期天气预报。E-mail: 407649759@qq.com
  • 作者简介:姬雪帅(1991—),男,高级工程师,主要从事短时临近天气预报及其相关方法研究。E-mail: 1358744797@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省气象局科研项目(25ky07);张家口市劳模和工匠人才创新工作室共同资助

Refined characteristics and cause analysis of the “23·7” extraordinary heavy rainfall in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

JI Xueshuai1,2(), KANG Bosi2, HOU Xiaoqi2, GUO Xuhui2, SHI Wenbo2, HUANG Shanjiang2()   

  1. 1. School of Atmospheric SciencesChengdu University of Information & TechnologyChengdu 610225, China
    2. Zhangjiakou Meteorological Bureau of Hebei ProvinceZhangjiakou 075000Hebei, China
  • Received:2025-03-22 Revised:2025-07-09 Online:2025-12-31 Published:2026-01-19

摘要:

为探究登陆台风强降水的形成机制,探索高分辨率资料在持续性强降水中的应用,剖析动力、热力等要素的协同作用,利用地面气象站降水资料、欧洲中期天气预报中心再分析资料、雨滴谱资料和双偏振雷达资料对发生在2023年7月29日—8月1日的“23·7”京津冀地区特大暴雨天气过程的观测特征及热动力成因进行分析。结果表明:1)副热带高压与大陆高压脊形成的高压坝阻滞台风“杜苏芮”残余环流,东高西低的环流配置为暴雨提供了稳定的环流背景;2)降水以小雨滴为主,标准化数浓度随雨强增大而升高,表明降水量级主要由高数浓度粒子驱动,呈现典型的热带降水特征;3)锋生作用通过切变变形项和水平散度项触发锋面次级环流,形成强烈的垂直运动,延长降水持续时间;4)凝结潜热释放通过正反馈机制增强上升运动与水汽辐合,与锋生作用协同驱动暴雨维持。三者关系表明:高数浓度小雨滴的微物理特征受暖云碰并-破碎平衡调控,锋生作用提供动力抬升条件,而凝结潜热释放则通过加热大气进一步强化动力环流,形成“微物理-动力-热力”耦合的暴雨增强机制。

关键词: “23·7”特大暴雨, 台风低压, 雨滴谱, 锋生函数, 视热源, 视水汽汇

Abstract:

To investigate the formation mechanisms of heavy precipitation during landfalling typhoons, explore the application of high-resolution data in persistent heavy rainfalls, and analyze the synergistic effects of dynamic and thermodynamic factors, the observational characteristics and thermodynamic causes of the torrential rainstorm process that occurred in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 29 July to 1 August 2023, were analyzed using ground meteorological station precipitation data, reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, raindrop spectrum data, and dual-polarization radar data. The results are as follows: 1) The high-pressure dam formed by the subtropical high and the continental high-pressure ridge blocked the residual circulation of the Typhoon Doksuri, and the east-high-west-low circulation configuration provided a stable circulation background for the torrential rain. 2) Raindrop spectrum analysis revealed precipitation dominated by small raindrops with high number concentrations. The normalized number concentration increased with rain intensity, indicating that the torrential rainfall was primarily driven by high particle concentration, presenting typical tropical precipitation characteristics. 3) Frontogenesis, driven by shear deformation and horizontal divergence, triggered secondary frontal circulation, generating intense vertical motions that prolonged rainfall duration. 4) Latent heat release enhanced upward motion and moisture convergence through positive feedback, synergizing with frontogenesis to sustain the rainstorm. The relationship among the three indicates that the microphysical characteristics of small raindrops with high number concentration are regulated by the warm cloud collision-coalescence and breakup, and the frontogenesis effect provides the conditions for dynamic uplift, while the release of latent heat of condensation further strengthens the dynamic circulation by heating the atmosphere, thus forming a “microphysics-dynamics-thermodynamics” coupled mechanism for rainstorm intensification.

Key words: “23·7 torrential rain, tropical depression, raindrop spectrometer, frontogenesis function, apparent heat source, apparent moisture sink

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