干旱气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 1059-1067.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-06-1059

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

水分胁迫对干旱半干旱区玉米关键生育期生长发育及产量的影响及评价

杨阳1(), 齐月1, 赵鸿1, 马绎皓2, 朱丹3   

  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.兰州中心气象台,甘肃 兰州 730020
    3.甘肃省兰州市气象局 甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-18 修回日期:2022-05-16 出版日期:2022-12-31 发布日期:2023-01-10
  • 作者简介:杨阳(1992—),女,硕士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为农业气象学. E-mail: yangyy120300@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省青年科技基金项目(20JR10RA451);国家自然科学基金项目(41975151);甘肃省基础研究创新群体项目(20JR5RA121)

Effects and evaluations of water stress on growth development and yield of maize during critical growth periods in arid and semi-arid regions

YANG Yang1(), QI Yue1, ZHAO Hong1, MA Yihao2, ZHU Dan3   

  1. 1. Institute of Arid Meteorology of CMA, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reducing of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reducing of CMA, Lanzhou 730020, China
    2. Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory, Lanzhou 730020, China
    3. Lanzhou Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2022-02-18 Revised:2022-05-16 Online:2022-12-31 Published:2023-01-10

摘要:

随着气候变暖对农业生态系统影响加剧,水资源极为短缺的西北干旱半干旱农作物将面临重大挑战。本文通过开展干旱半干旱区玉米抽雄期开始控水至生育期结束(T1处理)和全生育期自然干旱(T2处理)的干旱过程模拟试验,揭示干旱半干旱区同一作物干旱灾害形成的异同,以期为不同气候区作物干旱致灾过程提供理论依据。结果表明:不同干旱胁迫显著影响干旱半干旱区玉米株高、叶面积与叶绿素含量。其中,T1处理对半干旱雨养区玉米株高、单株叶面积生长影响更显著;T2处理下干旱区玉米对干旱胁迫的响应敏感于半干旱区。半干旱区不同干旱处理玉米单株叶面积从七叶至灌浆期总体呈增加趋势,干旱胁迫虽然降低玉米单株叶面积,但植株为保证后期生长发育,增加叶面积来弥补干旱胁迫导致的光合产量不足。因此,为保证干旱半干旱区玉米产量,半干旱区适宜种植光合能力较强的品种,干旱区适宜种植株高、叶面积适宜的品种,且抽雄期是半干旱区玉米生长发育的敏感期。

关键词: 玉米, 干旱胁迫, 主成分分析, 干旱区, 半干旱区, 抽雄期

Abstract:

As the impact of climate warming on agro-ecosystems intensifies, the arid and semi-arid crops in the northwest, where water resources are extremely scarce, will face major challenges. In this paper, the water control starts from the corn tasseling period to the end of the growth period (T1 treatment) and the natural drought at the whole growth period (T2 treatment) in arid and semi-arid regions, the similarities and differences of the formation of drought disasters to the same crop were revealed in arid and semi-arid regions, in order to provide a theoretical basis for grasping the crop drought inducing-disaster process in different climatic regions. The results showed that different drought stresses affected significantly the plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll content of maize in arid and semi-arid regions. During the whole growth period of drought treatment, the response of maize in arid area to drought stress was more sensitive than that in semi-arid area, while T1 treatment had more significant effects on the growth of maize plant height and leaf area per plant in semi-arid rain-fed area. The leaf area per plant of maize under different drought treatments in semi-arid area showed an increasing trend from the horse chestnut stage to grain filling stage as a whole. Although drought stress reduces the leaf area per plant of maize, in order to ensure the later growth and development of plants, the increase of leaf area make up for the lack of photosynthetic yield due to drought stress. Therefore, in order to ensure the yield of maize in arid and semi-arid regions, semi-arid areas are suitable for planting varieties with strong photosynthetic capacity, arid areas are suitable for planting varieties with suitable plant height and leaf area, and the tasseling period is a sensitive period for maize growth and development to drought in semi-arid regions.

Key words: maize, drought stress, principal component analysis, arid area, semi-arid area, tasseling period

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