黄土高原半干旱区2020年生长季草地土壤呼吸特征及其影响因素

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639（2022）-03-0354

干旱气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 354-363.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639（2022）-03-0354

黄土高原半干旱区2020年生长季草地土壤呼吸特征及其影响因素

张琳焓¹^,³(), 闭建荣¹^,²^,³(), 张雪腾¹^,³, 李正鹏¹^,³, 赵长明⁴^,⁵, 马晓俊⁵

1.兰州大学大气科学学院,半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730000
2.西部生态安全省部共建协同创新中心,甘肃兰州 730000
3.甘肃省半干旱气候与环境野外科学观测研究站,甘肃兰州 730000
4.兰州大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州 730000
5.兰州大学科学观测台站管理中心,甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2022-01-20 修回日期:2022-04-11 出版日期:2022-06-30 发布日期:2022-06-28
通讯作者: 闭建荣
作者简介:张琳焓（1993—）,女,硕士生,主要从事陆地碳循环过程研究. E-mail: zhanglh2019@lzu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
甘肃省野外科学观测研究站建设项目(18JR2RA013);甘肃省科技重大专项项目(18ZD2FA009);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky-2022-kb02);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky-2022-sp04)

Grassland soil respiration characteristics and their influencing factors in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau during the growing season in 2020

ZHANG Linhan¹^,³(), BI Jianrong¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Xueteng¹^,³, LI Zhengpeng¹^,³, ZHAO Changming⁴^,⁵, MA Xiaojun⁵

1. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou 730000, China
3. Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Semi-arid Climate and Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
4. School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
5. Management Center of Scientific Observing Stations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2022-01-20 Revised:2022-04-11 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-06-28
Contact: BI Jianrong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用LI-8100A型土壤碳通量仪对黄土高原半干旱区草地生长季（5—10月）的土壤呼吸速率、土壤温度及含水量进行连续观测,综合分析土壤呼吸的时间变化规律,并研究环境因子对呼吸速率的影响。结果表明：（1）不同天气条件下土壤呼吸速率的日动态变化差异明显,晴天的日均值（2.90 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）与变化范围（1.73~4.92 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）明显大于多云天和阴天。不同月份土壤呼吸速率的平均日变化均呈现“单峰型”结构,最高值（2.20~4.40 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）、最低值（0.71~1.70 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）分别出现在12：00或13：00、05：00或06：00,日均值接近于10：00或19：00的观测值。（2）白天和夜间土壤呼吸速率在5—6月处于较小值,从6月开始逐渐增大,8月达到峰值（白天3.31±0.98 µmol·m^-2·s^-1、夜间1.80±0.39 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）,之后逐渐减小,10月出现最低值（白天1.55±0.55 µmol·m^-2·s^-1、夜间0.81±0.12 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）,且白天通常高于夜间。整个生长季夜间土壤呼吸对全天总呼吸的贡献率为27.2%~32.4%。因此,在当前草地生态系统碳循环模型中应考虑夜间土壤呼吸的影响。（3）土壤温度是影响生长季土壤呼吸速率的主要环境因子,但土壤温度单变量模型不足以全面解释土壤呼吸的动态变化。结合土壤温度与含水量的双变量非线性模型能更好地拟合土壤呼吸速率,对其变异的解释程度达74.0%。（4）2020年生长季,全天、白天和夜间土壤呼吸的温度敏感性指数（Q₁₀）变化范围分别为1.38~2.14、1.22~1.96和0.85~1.64,对应平均值分别为1.58±0.23、1.41±0.19和1.20±0.16。如果只用白天时段的Q₁₀值代替日均值,将造成约10.8%的低估。

关键词: 土壤呼吸速率, 土壤温度, 土壤含水量, Q₁₀值, 黄土高原半干旱区

Abstract:

The automated soil CO₂/gas flux system (model LI-8100A) was used to continuously observe the soil respiration rate, soil temperature and water content in a semi-arid grassland of Loess Plateau during the growing season (from May to October). The temporal variations of soil respiration were comprehensively analyzed, and the influences of environmental hydrothermal factors on soil respiration were studied. The results are as follows: (1) The diurnal dynamic variations of soil respiration rate were significantly different under diverse weather conditions, and the daily mean value (2.90 µmol·m^-2·s^-1) and variation range (1.73-4.92 µmol·m^-2·s^-1) on sunny days were obviously greater than those on cloudy and overcast days. The average diurnal variations of soil respiration rate in different months all showed a significant unimodal pattern, with the maximum (2.20-4.40 µmol·m^-2·s^-1) appearing at 12:00 BST or 13:00 BST and the minimum (0.71-1.70 µmol·m^-2·s^-1) appearing at 05:00 BST or 06:00 BST. The daily mean values were close to the observed values at 10:00 BST or 19:00 BST. (2) The soil respiration rate in both daytime and nighttime were low in May and June, and increased gradually from June, then reached the peak value (in daytime 3.31±0.98 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, in nighttime 1.80±0.39 µmol·m^-2·s^-1) in August, afterwards gradually decreased. Furthermore, the lowest value occurred in October (in daytime 1.55±0.55 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, in nighttime 0.81±0.12 µmol·m^-2·s^-1), and soil respiration rates in daytime were always higher than those in nighttime. The nocturnal soil respiration contributed 27.2%-32.4% to the total respiration during the whole growing season. Therefore, the effects of nocturnal soil respiration should be considered in the current carbon cycle models of grassland ecosystem. (3) Soil temperature was the main environmental factor affecting soil respiration rate, but the univariate model of soil temperature was not enough to fully explain the diurnal dynamic changes of soil respiration. The bivariate nonlinear model combined with soil temperature and water content could be better fitted the soil respiration rate and accounted for 74.0% of the variation. (4) The temperature sensitivity indices (Q₁₀) of the entire day, daytime, and nighttime throughout the growing season in 2020 varied from 1.38 to 2.14, from 1.22 to 1.96, and from 0.85 to 1.64, respectively, with the corresponding mean values of 1.58±0.23, 1.41±0.19 and 1.20±0.16. This suggested that replacing the daily mean values of Q₁₀ with daytime averages would result in an underestimation of about 10.8%.

Key words: soil respiration rate, soil temperature, soil water content, Q₁₀value, semi-arid region of Loess Plateau

中图分类号:

X171

张琳焓, 闭建荣, 张雪腾, 李正鹏, 赵长明, 马晓俊. 黄土高原半干旱区2020年生长季草地土壤呼吸特征及其影响因素[J]. 干旱气象, 2022, 40(3): 354-363.

ZHANG Linhan, BI Jianrong, ZHANG Xueteng, LI Zhengpeng, ZHAO Changming, MA Xiaojun. Grassland soil respiration characteristics and their influencing factors in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau during the growing season in 2020[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2022, 40(3): 354-363.

图/表 10

图1 8个气室内的植被分布状况（2020年8月27日拍摄）

Fig.1 Vegetation distributions in eight air chambers （taken on August 27, 2020）

图2 2020年生长季8个气室土壤呼吸速率（a）、土壤含水量（b）、土壤温度（c）及降水量（d）逐30 min变化

Fig.2 The 30-min variation of soil respiration rate （a）, soil water content （b）, soil temperature （c）and precipitation （d） for eight air chambers during the growing season of 2020

图3 3种典型天气条件下土壤呼吸速率的日变化

Fig.3 Diurnal variations of soil respiration rate under three typical weather conditions

图4 2020年生长季不同月份土壤呼吸速率（a）、土壤温度（b）和含水量（c）的平均日变化

Fig.4 Average diurnal changes of soil respiration rate （a）, soil temperature （b）and soil water content （c） for different months during the growing season of 2020

图5 2020年生长季逐月土壤呼吸速率（a）、土壤温度（b）和含水量（c）的白天、夜间及全天平均值（误差棒为对应的标准偏差）

Fig.5 The mean values of soil respiration rate （a）, soil temperature （b） and soil water content （c） in daytime, nighttime and all-day in each month during the growing season of 2020（Error bars represent the standard deviations）

图6 2020年生长季土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的散点图

Fig.6 The scatter diagram between soil respiration rate and soil temperature during the growing season of 2020

图7 2020年生长季土壤呼吸速率与土壤含水量的散点图

Fig.7 The scatter diagram between soil respiration rate and soil water content during the growing season of 2020

表1 2020年生长季土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度和含水量的多元回归模型

Tab.1 Multiple regression model of soil respiration rate with soil temperature and soil water content during the growing season of 2020

模型类型	拟合方程	R²	P
线性	$F C O 2 = - 1.791 + 0.124 T S + 8.973 W S$	0.663	P<0.001
交叉	$F C O 2 = - 0.053 + 0.044 T S - 3.106 W S + 0.596 T S W S$	0.735	P<0.001
幂次	$F C O 2 = 0.14 T S 1.265 W S 0.557$	0.733	P<0.001
复合	$F C O 2 = 1.3 - 0.048 T S - 9.618 W S + 0.002 T S 2 + 11.947 W S 2 + 0.742 T S W S$	0.740	P<0.001

表1 2020年生长季土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度和含水量的多元回归模型

Tab.1 Multiple regression model of soil respiration rate with soil temperature and soil water content during the growing season of 2020

模型类型	拟合方程	R²	P
线性	$F C O 2 = - 1.791 + 0.124 T S + 8.973 W S$	0.663	P<0.001
交叉	$F C O 2 = - 0.053 + 0.044 T S - 3.106 W S + 0.596 T S W S$	0.735	P<0.001
幂次	$F C O 2 = 0.14 T S 1.265 W S 0.557$	0.733	P<0.001
复合	$F C O 2 = 1.3 - 0.048 T S - 9.618 W S + 0.002 T S 2 + 11.947 W S 2 + 0.742 T S W S$	0.740	P<0.001

图8 2020年生长季晴天时土壤呼吸速率实测值与模拟值对比

Fig.8 Comparison of measured and simulated soil respiration rate on sunny days during the growing season of 2020

表2 2020年生长季逐月不同时段Q10值

Tab.2 The Q10 values in different periods in each month during the growing season of 2020

月份	时段	$β 1$	Q₁₀值	R²	P
5月	全天	0.06	1.755	0.81	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.439	0.78	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.04	1.526	0.72	$<$ 0.01
6月	全天	0.05	1.593	0.69	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.03	1.328	0.59	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.250	0.39	$<$ 0.01
7月	全天	0.03	1.378	0.38	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.02	1.220	0.29	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	-0.02	0.849	0.15	0.17
8月	全天	0.05	1.587	0.77	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.426	0.70	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.230	0.35	$<$ 0.01
9月	全天	0.05	1.713	0.84	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.564	0.78	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.223	0.43	$<$ 0.01
10月	全天	0.08	2.143	0.91	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.07	1.960	0.89	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.05	1.640	0.77	$<$ 0.01
5—10月	全天	0.05	1.575	0.62	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.03	1.414	0.58	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.201	0.21	$<$ 0.01

表2 2020年生长季逐月不同时段Q10值

Tab.2 The Q10 values in different periods in each month during the growing season of 2020

月份	时段	$β 1$	Q₁₀值	R²	P
5月	全天	0.06	1.755	0.81	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.439	0.78	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.04	1.526	0.72	$<$ 0.01
6月	全天	0.05	1.593	0.69	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.03	1.328	0.59	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.250	0.39	$<$ 0.01
7月	全天	0.03	1.378	0.38	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.02	1.220	0.29	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	-0.02	0.849	0.15	0.17
8月	全天	0.05	1.587	0.77	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.426	0.70	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.230	0.35	$<$ 0.01
9月	全天	0.05	1.713	0.84	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.564	0.78	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.223	0.43	$<$ 0.01
10月	全天	0.08	2.143	0.91	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.07	1.960	0.89	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.05	1.640	0.77	$<$ 0.01
5—10月	全天	0.05	1.575	0.62	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.03	1.414	0.58	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.201	0.21	$<$ 0.01

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黄土高原半干旱区2020年生长季草地土壤呼吸特征及其影响因素

Grassland soil respiration characteristics and their influencing factors in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau during the growing season in 2020

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