干旱气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 115-125.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2026-01-0115

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

京津冀地区一次极端暖区暴雨成因分析

董琪如1,2(), 王莹3, 李英华1(), 杨旭4, 梁康壮1   

  1. 1.天津市海洋气象重点实验室,天津市气象科学研究所,天津 300074
    2.中国气象局水文气象重点开放实验室,北京 100081
    3.天津市气象台,天津 300074
    4.天津市环境气象中心,天津 300074
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-27 修回日期:2025-05-28 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 李英华(1981—),女,高级工程师,主要从事数值模拟研究。E-mail: liyinghua05@163.com
  • 作者简介:董琪如(1992—),女,高级工程师,主要从事资料同化技术及灾害性天气分析研究。E-mail: dongqiru77@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    灾害天气科学与技术全国重点实验室开放课题(2025KFA19);天津市科技重大专项(25ZXSFSN00060);中国气象局水文气象重点开放实验室开放研究课题(23SWQXM004);海河流域气象科技创新项目(HHXM-TD202504);天津市海洋气象重点实验室开放基金项目(2023TKLOM02);湖南省气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2025-MSXM68)

Causes analysis of an extreme warm-sector rainstorm in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

DONG Qiru1,2(), WANG Ying3, LI Yinghua1(), YANG Xu4, LIANG Kangzhuang1   

  1. 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology,Tianjin Institute of Meteorological Science,Tianjin 300074,China
    2. China Meteorological Administration Hydro-Meteorology Key Laboratory,Beijing 100081,China
    3. Tianjin Meteorological Observatory,Tianjin 300074,China
    4. Tianjin Environmental Meteorological Center,Tianjin 300074,China
  • Received:2025-04-27 Revised:2025-05-28 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-03-25

摘要:

随着华北暖区暴雨事件增多,研究暖区暴雨过程中尺度对流系统发生及演变机制对提升暖区暴雨预报能力具有重要意义。基于高分辨率(3 km)WRF(Weather Research & Forecasting Model)中尺度模式,结合欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代全球气候再分析数据集(ERA5)0.25°×0.25°再分析资料,利用常规、雷达观测数据快速更新同化,对京津冀地区一次极端暖区暴雨过程的环流背景、热动力结构、水汽输送特征进行数值模拟研究。结果表明:(1)经快速更新同化观测资料的高分辨率WRF模式能较好地模拟此次暖区暴雨过程,对中小尺度系统回波及传播机制有很好体现,验证了模式对暖区暴雨关键过程的表征能力;(2)此次过程动力特征表现为“3支急流”协同作用:950 hPa超低空急流、850 hPa低空急流配合200 hPa高空急流右侧出口区的强辐散,形成垂直抽吸结构。低层阶段性演变特征(超低空急流的建立-低空急流强度脉动-低空急流的增强与维持)是强降水过程发生并维持的关键因素。(3)在低空急流强度脉动及辐合造成的上升运动增强下,暖湿气流不断被抬升,促进水汽凝结并产生降水。同时中层弱干空气向下侵入高暖湿区,触发不稳定能量释放对此次过程也有加强作用。(4)低层高湿环境为暴雨提供了充沛水汽条件,随着低空东南急流的增强,促使来自渤海湾的水汽不断汇入京津冀地区。强水汽聚集再配合强有力的动力条件,是局地短时强降水发生的主要原因。

关键词: 暖区暴雨, 低空急流, 高空急流, 数值模拟

Abstract:

With the increasing frequency of warm-sector heavy rain events in North China, it is of great significance to study the occurrence and evolution mechanism of mesoscale convective systems during warm-sector heavy rain processes to improve the forecasting ability of warm-sector heavy rain. This research conducts a numerical simulation on the circulation background, thermodynamic structure, and moisture transportation characteristic of an extreme warm-sector rainstorm event in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region using the high-resolution (3 km) WRF (Weather Research & Forecasting Model) mesoscale model, combined with the 0.25°×0.25° reanalysis data from the fifth generation global climate reanalysis dataset (ERA5) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, along with conventional and radar observation data for rapid assimilation updates. The results demonstrate that: (1) The high-resolution WRF model, which has been rapidly updated with assimilated observational data, can effectively simulate this warm-sector rainstorm process, accurately representing the radar echo characteristics and propagation mechanisms of meso-small scale systems, verifying the model’s capability to characterize key processes of warm-sector rainstorms. (2) The dynamic characteristics of this process are characterized by synergy of “three jet streams”: the 950 hPa ultra-low-level jet, the 850 hPa low-level jet, coupled with the strong divergence in the exit region on the right side of the 200 hPa upper-level jet, forming a vertical suction structure. The phased evolution characteristics of the low level (the establishment of the ultra-low-level jet, the fluctuation of the low-level jet intensity, the enhancement and maintenance of the low-level jet) are the key factors for the occurrence and maintenance of the heavy precipitation process. (3) Enhanced upward motion induced by low-level jet intensity fluctuation and convergence continuously lifts warm-moist airflow, promoting water vapor condensation and precipitation. Meanwhile, downward intrusion of mid-level weak dry air into high warm-moisture areas triggers the release of unstable energy, further intensifying the process. (4) The low-level high-humidity environment provides abundant water vapor conditions for the heavy rain. With the strengthening of the low-level southeast jet stream, water vapor from the Bohai Bay continuously flow into the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The strong accumulation of water vapor, combined with powerful dynamic conditions, is the main cause of local short-term heavy precipitation.

Key words: warm-sector rainstorm, low-level jet, upper-level jet, numerical simulation

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