Evaluation of the ability of BCC-CSM2-MR global climate model in simulating precipitation and temperature in East Asia

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2023)-06-0984

Abstract

Abstract:

The global climate model BCC-CSM2-MR (Beijing Climate Center-Climate System Model version 2-Medium Resolution) independently developed by the National (Beijing) Climate Center, which has participated in the Climate Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6. Based on the BCC-CSM1.1m version, the BCC-CSM2-MR model is optimized in aspects of atmospheric radiation transport scheme, deep convection processes and gravity wave drag. Therefore, the improvement of the model’s ability to simulate precipitation and temperature in East Asia needs further assessment. Utilizing gridded observational datasets and station observations in China, the paper thoroughly compares the performances of BCC-CSM2-MR and BCC-CSM1.1m in simulating seasonal mean precipitation (temperature) and daily precipitation (temperature) extremes in East Asia. The results are as follows: (1) Compared with the BCC-CSM1.1m, the BCC-CSM2-MR improves the model performance in simulating seasonal mean precipitation in most sub-regions of East Asia, especially for summer precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau. In particular, the model can better reproduce the annual cycle of precipitation in southeastern China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan. (2) The ability of the BCC-CSM2-MR to simulate the seasonal mean temperature in East Asia has not been improved significantly, and the simulated biases of monthly temperature change in most sub-regions of East Asia are greater than those of the BCC-CSM1.1m. (3) In terms of daily extreme precipitation (temperature), the simulation ability of the BCC-CSM2-MR is obviously better than that of the BCC-CSM1.1m, which significantly improves the simulation ability of daily extreme precipitation (temperature) in southeast China. Overall, the improvement of the BCC-CSM2-MR in deep convection process parameter scheme is beneficial to the simulation of precipitation in East Asia.

Key words: BCC-CSM2-MR, East Asia, model evaluation, precipitation, temperature, global climate models

摘要：

全球气候模式BCC-CSM2-MR（Beijing Climate Center-Climate System Model version 2-Medium Resolution）由国家（北京）气候中心自主研发并参与了第六阶段国际耦合模式比较计划，该模式在BCC-CSM1.1m版本基础上对大气辐射传输、深对流过程及重力波等方面进行了优化，因此，该模式对东亚地区降水和气温模拟能力的改进亟需进一步评估。本文主要基于不同格点观测数据集与中国区域站点观测数据，系统对比分析BCC-CSM2-MR、BCC-CSM1.1m两个模式版本对东亚地区季节平均降水（气温）和日极端降水（气温）的模拟能力。结果表明：（1）相比BCC-CSM1.1m，BCC-CSM2-MR改进了对东亚大部分区域季节平均降水的模拟能力，尤其是青藏高原地区夏季平均降水，明显提高了对中国东南地区、朝鲜半岛及日本降水月际变化的模拟性能；（2）BCC-CSM2-MR对东亚地区季节平均气温模拟能力改进不明显，且对东亚大部分区域气温月际变化的模拟误差大于BCC-CSM1.1m；（3）对日极端降水（气温），BCC-CSM2-MR的模拟能力优于BCC-CSM1.1m，明显提高了对中国东南地区日极端降水（气温）的模拟能力。总体而言，BCC-CSM2-MR在深对流过程参数方案中的改进有利于对东亚地区降水的模拟。

关键词: BCC-CSM2-MR, 东亚地区, 模式评估, 降水, 气温, 全球气候模式

CLC Number:

P467

LI Shuping, QUAN Wenjie, WANG Zheng, CHEN Yizhuo, SU Tao, YAN Pengcheng. Evaluation of the ability of BCC-CSM2-MR global climate model in simulating precipitation and temperature in East Asia[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2023, 41(6): 984-996.

李淑萍, 全文杰, 王正, 陈奕卓, 苏涛, 颜鹏程. BCC-CSM2-MR全球气候模式对东亚地区降水和气温的模拟评估[J]. 干旱气象, 2023, 41(6): 984-996.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Altitude （color shaded， Unit： m） and the nine sub-regions （black boxes） in East Asia （Red dots represent observation stations in China）

Tab.1 The division of nine sub-regions in East Asia

区域名称	经度范围	纬度范围
中国西北（NW）	75°E—98°E	36°N—43°N
华中（CC）	101°E—112°E	30°N—42°N
华北（NC）	113°E—122°E	30°N—41°N
中国东北（NE）	113°E—132°E	42°N—55°N
中国东南（SE）	105°E—122°E	18°N—28°N
青藏高原（TB）	75°E—98°E	28°N—35°N
蒙古（MG）	92°E—112°E	43°N—51°N
朝鲜半岛（KP）	125°E—130°E	33°N—40°N
日本（JP）	131°E—141°E	30°N—42°N

Fig.2 The spatial distribution of seasonal mean observed precipitation （a， b， c， d） and precipitation absolute biases （only showing absolute biases that pass the significance test at α=0.05） simulated by BCC-CSM2-MR （e， f， g， h） and BCC-CSM1.1m （i， j， k， l） models in East Asia during 1981-2010 （Unit： mm·d-1）（Pm and Pmb represent regionally averaged precipitation and precipitation absolute biases in East Asia， respectively）

Fig.3 Spatial Taylor diagrams of mean precipitation simulated by BCC-CSM2-MR and BCC-CSM1.1m models in East Asia （EA） and different sub-regions in winter （a）， spring （b）， summer （c） and autumn （d） during 1981-2010

Fig.4 The spatial distribution of seasonal mean observed temperature （a， b， c， d） and temperature absolute biases （only showing absolute biases that pass the significance test at α=0.05） simulated by BCC-CSM2-MR （e， f， g， h） and BCC-CSM1.1m （i， j， k， l） models in East Asia during 1981-2010 （Unit： ℃）（Tm and Tmb represent regionally averaged temperature and temperature absolute biases in East Asia， respectively）

Fig.5 Spatial Taylor diagrams of mean temperature simulated by BCC-CSM2-MR and BCC-CSM1.1m models in East Asia （EA） and different sub-regions in winter （a）， spring （b）， summer （c） and autumn （d） during 1981-2010

Fig.6 The monthly changes of observed and simulated precipitation in the sub-regions of East Asia during 1981-2010

Fig.7 The monthly changes of observed and simulated temperature in the sub-regions of East Asia during 1981-2010

Fig.8 The spatial distribution of observed daily extreme precipitation （a， b， c）（Unit： mm·d-1） and the relative biases （Unit： %） of BCC-CSM2-MR （d， e， f） and BCC-CSM1.1m （g， h， i） model simulations in China in summer during 1981-2010 （EPm and EPmb represent regionally averaged daily extreme precipitation and relative biases in China， respectively）

Fig.9 The spatial distribution of observed daily extreme temperature （a， b， c）（Unit： ℃） and the relative biases （Unit： %） of BCC-CSM2-MR （d， e， f） and BCC-CSM 1.1m （g， h， i） model simulations in China in summer during 1981-2010 （ETm and ETmb represent regionally averaged daily extreme temperature and relative biases in China， respectively）

Fig.10 Scatter plots of summer daily extreme precipitation （a， b， c） and daily extreme temperature （d， e， f） at different percentiles from the two models and station observations in China during 1981-2010 （EPmb and ETmb represent the absolute biases of mean extreme precipitation and temperature at stations in China， respectively， R2 indicates determination coefficient between observations and model simulations）

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