干旱气象

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西宁市蒸发量变化特征及影响因素

李景鑫王式功李 艳尚可政相 栋   

  1. 1. 兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2. 山西省气候中心,山西 太原 030002
  • 收稿日期:2013-03-25 修回日期:2013-06-16 出版日期:2013-09-30 发布日期:2013-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 王式功(1955 - ),男,山东安丘人,教授,博士研究生导师,研究方向为航空气象学、干旱气候和现代天气预报技术. E - mail:wangsg@ lzu. edu. cn
  • 作者简介:李景鑫(1984 - ),女,山西太原市人,博士研究生,主要从事云物理和气候研究. E - mail:lijx08@ lzu. edu. cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家公益性行业(气象)专项项目(GYHY201206004)、高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金 (20120211120030)和国家人口与健康科学数据共享平台“气象环境与健康”专题服务建设项目共同资助.

The Evaporation Variation and Its Influence Factors in Xi’ning of Qinghai Province  

LI Jingxin1WANG Shigong1LI Yan1SHANG Kezheng1XIANG Dong2   

  1. 1. College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reducing of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China;
    2. Climate Center of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030002,China
  • Received:2013-03-25 Revised:2013-06-16 Online:2013-09-30 Published:2013-09-30

摘要:

利用西宁市 1954 ~2005 年地面气象观测数据蒸发量资料,分析西宁市蒸发量的变化趋势及其影响因子,并根据彭曼公式(Penman Formula)对蒸发量进行了回归分析。结果表明,西宁 52 a 蒸发量的年际变化、年代际变化、不同季节和月份的年代际变化均呈显著下降趋势。1960 ~1990 年代,年蒸发量减少了 377. 98 mm,平均每年减少约 27. 2 mm,其中,1980 年代减少的幅度最大,春季和夏季蒸发量显著减少,占年蒸发量减少总量的 42%左右,6 月的蒸发量下降最快。年际变化趋势符合格丁斯函数(Giddings function)拟合曲线。年内分配形式的年代际变化表明,在 1960、1970 年代年内分配较不均匀,集中程度较高,1970 年代以后年内分配不均匀性减小。依据彭曼公式建立了二元回归方程,经过显著性检验,蒸发量与日照时数、饱和水汽压差的线性关系密切。影响蒸发量变化的因子主要有平均气温、日照时数、相对湿度等,夏季的降温和夏季、秋季日照时数的减少是蒸发量减少的主要原因,而日照时数的减少主要是总云量增加造成的。

关键词: 蒸发量, 格丁斯函数, 影响因子, 彭曼公式, 回归分析

Abstract:

The change trend of evaporation in Xi'ning and its influcing factors were analyzed by using the ground meteorological observa-
tion data from 1954 to 2005,and according to Penman formula the regression analysis was made to evaporation. The results show that
the decadal,inter - annual,seasonal and monthly evaporation declined significantly in recent 52 years. From the 1960s to the 1990s,
the annual evaporation decreased by 377. 98 mm and about 27. 2 mm per year on average,and in the 1980s the evaporation decreased
most. The evaporation in spring and summer decreased obviously and accounted for about 42% of the total annual decrease amount,
and in June evaporation declined fastest. The yearly change trend accorded with the Giddings function fitting curve distribution. The
decadal variation of interannual distribution showed that there was a higher concentration degree in the 1960s and 1970s,and after the
1970s it tended to be even. There was a close linear relation between evaporation and sunshine hours,saturated water vapor pressure
according to regression analysis based on Penman formula. The evaporation variation are mainly caused by temperature,sunshine hours
and relative humidity change. The downword temperature in summer and reduction of sunshine hours in summer and autumn resulted in
decrease of evaporation,and increase of the total cloud covers caused the reduction of sunshine hours.

Key words: evaporation, Giddings function, influence factors, Penman formula, regression analysis  

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