西安市PM10浓度特征及气象因子影响分析

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2017)-02-0299

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西安市PM10浓度特征及气象因子影响分析金丽娜，杨晓春，洪超（陕西省西安市气象局，陕西西安710016）摘要：利用2011—2015年西安市城区PM10浓度逐日资料及气象逐日观测数据，分析西安市PM10浓度的年、季变化特征，并探讨气温与PM10浓度的相关性及冬夏季节气温对PM10浓度影响的阈值，不同等级、形态的降水对PM10浓度的清除率，以及冬春季节风速对PM10浓度的影响。结果表明：2011—2015年，西安市PM10浓度变化较平稳，仅2013年出现骤增，高温、少雨、风速小等不利气象条件是导致2013年PM10浓度剧增的主要原因。PM10浓度有明显的季节性变化，PM10大气污染主要发生在春冬季节，污染物分别以沙尘和煤烟为主。PM10浓度与气温并非是简单的线性关系，夏季、冬季气温阈值分别为29 ℃和-1 ℃，低于阈值时二者呈正相关，高于阈值时则呈负相关。PM10浓度与降水量成反比，但降水对PM10的清除率永远不等于1；同一形态的降水清除能力与其量级呈正相关，同等级的固态降水比液态降水对PM10的清除率高；一次降水过程中，PM10浓度最低值往往出现在日降水峰值的次日；连续性降水过程中，PM10浓度随着降水量自峰值的减弱而升高，当降水量再次增大时PM10浓度便再次降低；间断性降水过程中，降水一旦停止，PM10浓度将会有一定程度的升高，并有可能高于降水前的浓度值。春季大风沙尘天气易造成PM10浓度增高，冬季PM10浓度与风速呈明显反比关系。

关键词: PM10浓度, 变化特征, 气象因子, 影响因子

Abstract:

With the sustainable development of urbanization in recent years, the atmospheric pollution is becoming more and more serious, and PM10 is the major pollutant in Xi’an. Based on the daily PM10 concentration and temperature, precipitation, wind speed from 2011 to 2015 in urban area of Xi’an, the annual and seasonal variation characteristics of PM10 concentration were analyzed, firstly. The correlation between temperature and PM10 concentration as well as the threshold of temperature influencing on PM10 concentration in winter and summer, the removal rate of precipitation with different grades and forms to PM10 and the effect of wind speed on PM10 concentration in spring and winter were discussed. The results showed that the annual change of PM10 concentration was relatively stable in urban area of Xi’an from 2011 to 2015, but increased rapidly in 2013, the adverse weather conditions with high temperature, little rainfall and low wind speed were closely related with the sharply increase of PM10 concentration in 2013. PM10 concentration had obvious seasonal change, and it was the maximum in winter and followed in spring, main pollutants were dust and soot in spring and winter, respectively. The relation between PM10 concentration and temperature wasn’t simple linear. The threshold of temperature in summer and winter was 29 ℃ and -1 ℃, respectively, PM10 concentration was positively correlated with temperature below the threshold, whereas their correlation was negative. PM10 concentration presented inverse correlation with precipitation, but the removal rate of precipitation to PM10 concentration was always less than 1. The removal ability of precipitation to PM10 was positively related with the rainfall magnitude from the same form precipitation, and the removal rate of solid precipitation was higher than that of liquid precipitation from the same rainfall grade. The lowest value of PM10 concentration usually appeared on the second day of the highest precipitation during a precipitation process. PM10 concentration increased with the decrease of precipitation from the peak during the continuous precipitation process, which decreased when precipitation increased again. However, once the precipitation stopped, PM10 concentration would rise, and it was even higher than the value before the precipitation during the intermittent precipitation. The strong wind and dust in spring would easy cause the increase of PM10 concentration, while PM10 concentration was inversely proportional to wind speed in winter.

Key words: PM10 concentration, variation characteristics, meteorological factors, influence factors

中图分类号:

X513

金丽娜，杨晓春，洪超. 西安市PM10浓度特征及气象因子影响分析[J]. 干旱气象, DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2017)-02-0299.

JIN Li’na, YANG Xiaochun, HONG Chao. Characteristics of PM10Concentration and Influence of Meteorological Factors in Urban Area of Xi’an[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2017)-02-0299.

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西安市PM10浓度特征及气象因子影响分析

Characteristics of PM10Concentration and Influence of Meteorological Factors in Urban Area of Xi’an

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