干旱气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 625-635.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2026-04-0625

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江流域非典型少雨型主汛期环流特征及其影响机制分析

王海燕1(), 王孝慈1,2, 张灵3, 周耘逸1, 孟英杰1,4   

  1. 1 湖北省气象台湖北 武汉 430074
    2 中国气象局水文气象预报重点实验室北京 100081
    3 湖北省气候中心湖北 武汉 430074
    4 三峡国家气候观象台湖北 宜昌 443099
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-22 修回日期:2026-03-23 出版日期:2026-08-30 发布日期:2026-09-16
  • 作者简介:王海燕(1983—),女,高级工程师,主要从事天气预报及流域气象服务相关工作。E-mail: whz427@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省自然科学基金项目(2025AFD413);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2026AFC0756);中国气象局创新发展专项重点项目(CXFZ2025J028);全国暴雨研究开放基金项目(BYKJ2024Z06)

Analysis of circulation characteristics and influencing mechanisms of atypical below-normal precipitation type during main flood season over the Yangtze River Basin

WANG Haiyan1(), WANG Xiaoci1,2, ZHANG Ling3, Zhou Yunyi1, MENG Yingjie1,4   

  1. 1 Hubei Provincial Meteorological ObservatoryWuhan 430074, China
    2 Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological ForecastingChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081, China
    3 Hubei Climate CenterWuhan 430074, China
    4 Sanxia National Climate ObservatoryYichang 443099, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-12-22 Revised:2026-03-23 Online:2026-08-30 Published:2026-09-16

摘要:

为深入分析长江流域主汛期非典型少雨情况下的前兆信号和环流影响机制,本文基于1990—2025年汛前气候因子分析,筛选出与2025年(主汛期6—8月少雨年)气候外强迫相似的2023年,利用多源观测与再分析资料,对比分析2025年和2023年雨情、水情及大气环流特征。结果表明:两年主汛期均呈现降水总量偏少、梅雨偏弱、来水偏少特征,且2025年梅雨期更短、降水偏少更多。两年主汛期西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)持续偏西,总体不利于水汽向长江流域大规模输送。二者差异在于:2025年南亚高压位置整体更偏北,6—7月副高显著北跳,导致梅雨期缩短;7—8月南亚高压与西风急流的协同作用减弱,台风主要登陆华南,削弱向长江流域的水汽输送,导致中下游降水偏少。2023年副高脊线位置接近气候平均态,南亚高压南北摆动幅度大但偏北程度较弱,西风急流更强,高空辐散抽吸作用明显强于2025年。

关键词: 长江流域, 主汛期, 非典型少雨型, 相似年, 大气环流

Abstract:

To further investigate precursor signals and circulation mechanisms for the main flood season with atypical below-normal precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin, this study identifies 2023 as an analog year with similar external climate forcing to 2025, which was characterized by below-normal rainfall during the June-August main flood season, based on analyses of pre-flood-season climate factors from 1990 to 2025. Using multi-source observational and reanalysis datasets, a comparative analysis of precipitation, hydrological conditions, and atmospheric circulation characteristics is performed for 2023 and 2025. The results show that both main flood seasons exhibited below-normal total precipitation, weaker Meiyu rainbands, and reduced river inflows. Compared with 2023, a shorter Meiyu duration and much less precipitation occurred in 2025. During the main flood seasons of the two years, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) persisted in a westward position, which was generally unfavorable for large-scale water vapor transport toward the Yangtze River Basin. Differences in dominant mechanisms between the two years are concluded as follows: The shortened Meiyu in 2025 resulted from both the northward-positioned south Asian high (SAH) and the pronounced northward jump of WPSH during June-July. The precipitation deficits in 2025 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin were attributed to the weakened moisture transport which resulted from the weakened synergistic effects of SAH and the westerly jet during July-August, and southward landfall of typhoons over South China. In contrast, the WPSH ridge line in 2023 was near its climatological mean position. Characterized by larger meridional oscillations but weaker northward displacement of the SAH and a stronger westerly jet stream, 2023 featured markedly stronger upper-level divergence and pumping-effect over the Yangtze River Basin than 2025.

Key words: Yangtze River Basin, main flood season, atypical below-normal precipitation type, analogous year, atmospheric circulation

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