干旱气象 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 922-933.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2024-06-0922

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

东南沿海一次近云区湍流事件的数值模拟与产生机制研究

何沛霖(), 吴迪(), 王柯化, 李克南   

  1. 中国民航大学空中交通管理学院航空气象系,天津 300300
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-11 修回日期:2024-08-16 出版日期:2024-12-31 发布日期:2025-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 吴迪(1991—),男,副教授,主要从事中尺度灾害性天气研究。E-mail:d_wu@cauc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:何沛霖(2000—),男,硕士生,主要从事航空危险天气研究。E-mail:2022031024@cauc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金-中国民用航空局联合研究基金重点项目(U2033207);国家自然科学基金项目(42005004);中央高校基本科研业务费中国民航大学专项(3122019137)

Numerical simulation and generation mechanism of a near-cloud turbulence encounter in southeast coast of China

HE Peilin(), WU Di(), WANG Kehua, LI Kenan   

  1. Department of Aviation Meteorology, College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
  • Received:2024-07-11 Revised:2024-08-16 Online:2024-12-31 Published:2025-01-15

摘要:

研究近云区湍流对于提高飞机颠簸预报能力,保障航空运输安全具有重要意义。利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)V4.3.1模式对我国福建省上空一次中等强度近云区湍流事件开展高分辨率数值模拟,对天气尺度背景和颠簸指数进行检验,分析此次湍流事件的形成原因;借助不考虑湿过程的敏感试验,研究云系演变对湍流产生的影响机制。结果表明:此次湍流事件主要受东南沿海地区冷高压外围低层云区影响,高层南支急流逐渐向东移至湍流区上方,垂直风切变较强,伴有对流层顶折叠现象。高分辨率模拟能够合理再现湍流期间环流背景。颠簸指数(Ri数和NCSU1)对本次湍流事件的强度和位置有较好的指示作用。湍流区附近的惯性不稳定与湍流耗散动能(Turbulent Kinetic Energy,TKE)大值区均分布在云区周围,受云区影响,湍流区内纬向风增量自南向北逐渐增强,经向风增量自西向东减弱,贡献了负绝对涡度,云顶高度附近的上升气流影响了上方湍流区局地风场;下沉气流经云顶与饱和湿空气混合稀释,引起惯性不稳定,最终导致湍流事件发生。而无云时湍流区TKE消失,垂直风切变减弱,两种颠簸指数也未能诊断出湍流事件。

关键词: 近云区湍流, 惯性不稳定, WRF模式, 垂直风切变

Abstract:

It is of great significance to study the near-cloud turbulence for improving the prediction ability of aircraft turbulence and ensuring the safety of air transportation. The WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model v4.3.1 is used to conduct a high-resolution numerical simulation of a moderate intensity near-cloud turbulence event over Fujian Province, China. The synoptic-scale background and turbulence indices are examined, and the causes of the turbulence event are analyzed. A sensitivity experiment excluding the moist process is conducted to investigate the impact of cloud system evolution on the turbulence generation. The results indicate that the turbulence event was mainly influenced by the low-level clouds area on the periphery of the cold high-pressure system over the southeast coastal region of China. The upper level southern jet stream gradually moved eastward above the turbulence region, and vertical wind shear enhanced and tropopause folding phenomenon was observed. The high-resolution simulation reasonably reproduced the large-scale circulation during the turbulence event. The turbulence indices, including Ri (Richardson number) and NCSU1 index (Version 1 of North Carolina State University Index), effectively indicated the intensity and location of this turbulence event. Inertial instability and high turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) values were distributed around the cloud region near the turbulence area. Specifically, influenced by stratiform clouds, the increment of zonal wind in the turbulence area gradually increased from south to north and the increment of the meridional wind gradually decreased from west to east, both contributing to negative absolute vorticity. Updrafts near the cloud top affected the local wind field in the turbulence region. Downdrafts mixed with saturated moist air through the cloud top, leading to inertial instability and ultimately causing the turbulence event. In contrast, the TKE in the turbulence region disappeared in the absence of clouds, and the vertical wind shear weakened, both two turbulence indices failed to diagnose the turbulence event.

Key words: near-cloud turbulence, inertial instability, WRF model, vertical wind shear

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