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河西走廊东部夏季沙尘暴气象要素变化特征

李玲萍1胡丽莉1刘维成2李岩瑛1梁红霞1   

  1. 1.甘肃省武威市气象局,甘肃武威733000;2.兰州中心气象台,甘肃兰州730020
  • 出版日期:2017-06-26 发布日期:2017-06-26
  • 作者简介:李玲萍(1977- ),女(汉族),甘肃定西人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事天气预报和研究工作. E-mail:wwqxjllp@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    2016年甘肃省气象局“青年优秀科技人才”、气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2013Z09、CMAGJ2015M62)和中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2015-080)共同资助

Variation Characteristic of Main Meteorological Elements During Summer Sand-Dust Storm Processes in East of Hexi Corridor

  • Online:2017-06-26 Published:2017-06-26

摘要:

利用河西走廊东部民勤和凉州站1971—2013年夏季(6—8月)地面常规气象日观测资料及民勤探空站同期逐日08:00和20:00探空资料,选取民勤和凉州同一天均出现沙尘暴天气的12个沙尘暴个例,统计分析河西走廊东部夏季沙尘暴过程中风向、风速和沙尘暴持续时间、出现时间以及过程前后高低空相关气象要素的变化特征。结果表明:(1)风向、风速对河西走廊东部夏季沙尘暴天气的发生具有重要影响,在西北、西西北、西3个风向下出现沙尘暴天气的频率达75%;(2)夏季沙尘暴持续时间较短,且有75%的夏季沙尘暴出现在下午到晚上(13:00—20:00)时段;(3)夏季沙尘暴发生前大气整层湿度较小、中低层增温明显、高层有冷平流、不稳定度加大、地面为热低压控制、气温高、相对湿度小。

关键词: 河西走廊东部, 夏季沙尘暴, 气象要素

Abstract:

Based on conventional meteorological data of Liangzhou and Minqin stations, daily observed sounding data at 08:00 and 20:00 at Minqin radiosonde station in the east of Hexi Corridor in summer during 1971-2013, 12 sand storm cases occurring at the same day in Minqin and Liangzhou were selected to statistically analyze variation feature of wind direction and wind speed, duration and occurring time of sandstorm, and the related meteorological elements during sand-dust storm processes. The results are as follows:(1) The wind directions had an important effect on sand-dust storm weather forming. The frequency of sand-dust storm occurrence under three wind directions of NW, WNW and W was up to 75%. (2) Summer sandstorm lasted shorter, and 75% summer sandstorms appeared from 13:00 to 20:00. (3) Before sandstorm occurrence, there were small atmospheric humidity and cold advection in upper level, and warming significantly in mid-lower level. Above ground, there were thermal depression, high temperature and small relative humidity in summer.

Key words: the east of Hexi corridor, summer sand-dust storm, meteorological elements