干旱气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 856-866.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2025-06-0856

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

河西走廊2023年春季两次强沙尘天气过程对比

何敏1(), 王金龙1, 黄玉霞2(), 苟尚2, 张可心3, 王彩凡1, 魏雅鹏4, 张艳荣5, 张伊婕6, 安俊宝1   

  1. 1.甘肃省白银市气象局甘肃 白银 730900
    2.兰州中心气象台甘肃 兰州 730020
    3.甘肃省庆阳市气象局甘肃 庆阳 745000
    4.甘肃省马鬃山气象站甘肃 酒泉 735000
    5.甘肃省甘南藏族自治州气象局甘肃 合作 747000
    6.新疆维吾尔自治区奇台县气象局新疆 奇台 831800
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10 修回日期:2024-12-02 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2026-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 黄玉霞(1976—),女,正研级高级工程师,主要从事强对流天气预报预警及研究工作。E-mail: hyx_gsma@163.com
  • 作者简介:何敏(1994—),女,工程师,主要从事灾害性天气预报预警服务及研究工作。E-mail: 349309286@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省重点人才项目(2025RCXM037);白银市气象局创新团队项目(202303);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(25JRRA323);甘肃省青年科技基金项目(24JRRA719);甘肃省气象局“飞天风云”人才专项(2425rczx-B-QNQHRC-07);中国气象局复盘总结专项(FPZJ2024-139);中国气象局复盘总结专项(FPZJ2025-135)

Comparison of two severe sand-dust weather processes over the Hexi Corridor in spring 2023

HE Min1(), WANG Jinlong1, HUANG Yuxia2(), GOU Shang2, ZHANG Kexin3, WANG Caifan1, WEI Yapeng4, ZHANG Yanrong5, ZHANG Yijie6, AN Junbao1   

  1. 1. Baiyin Meteorological Bureau of Gansu ProvinceBaiyin 730900, Gansu, China
    2. Lanzhou Central Meteorological ObservatoryLanzhou 730020, China
    3. Qingyang Meteorological Bureau of Gansu ProvinceQingyang 745000, Gansu, China
    4. Mazongshan Meteorological Station of Gansu ProvinceJiuquan 735000, Gansu, China
    5. Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Bureau of Gansu ProvinceHezuo 747000, Gansu, China
    6. Qitai County Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionQitai 831800, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2024-10-10 Revised:2024-12-02 Online:2025-12-31 Published:2026-01-19

摘要:

为深入了解大风沙尘天气过程的环流特征、形成机制、传输特征等,利用常规气象观测和欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)ERA5再分析资料,结合HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory)模型、气溶胶激光雷达和风廓线雷达观测数据,对比分析2023年春季河西走廊发生的两次强沙尘天气过程(3月20日过程和4月18日过程)。结果表明:(1)3月20日过程为偏西路径,由蒙古气旋后部冷空气分裂南下触发;4月18日过程为西北路径,受蒙古气旋及冷锋南下驱动。(2)两次过程均有污染物远距离输送,3月20日过程外源输入颗粒物占主导地位,4月18日过程本地沙尘颗粒物为主要沙尘源。(3)在外源沙尘输入前期,4月18日过程沙尘颗粒物远距离传输速度更快、大砂砾比例显著降低,退偏振比系数低于3月20日过程,但爆发阶段,其近地面沙尘颗粒物补充更显著。

关键词: 沙尘天气, HYSPLIT, 气溶胶激光雷达, 风廓线雷达, 传输路径

Abstract:

To gain an in-depth understanding of the circulation characteristics, formation mechanisms, and transport features of strong wind-dust weather processes, this paper employs conventional meteorological observation data and ERA5 reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Combined with simulations from the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model, as well as observational data from aerosol lidar, and wind profiler radar observations, a comparative analysis is conducted on two severe dust events that occurred in the Hexi Corridor during the spring of 2023 (the 20 March event and the 18 April event). The results are as follows: (1) The 20 March event followed a westerly pathway, triggered by the southward movement of split cold air behind a Mongolian cyclone; the 18 April event took a northwesterly route, driven by a Mongolian cyclone and an associated cold front moving southward. (2) Both events involved long?range transport of pollutants. In the 20 March event, particulate matter transported externally played a dominant role, whereas in the 18 April event, dust particles generated locally constituted the primary dust source. (3) During the early stage of external dust input, the 18 April event exhibited faster long-range transport of dust particles, a significantly lower proportion of coarse particles, and a lower depolarization ratio compared with the 20 March event. However, during the outbreak phase, the near-surface replenishment of dust particles was more pronounced in the 18 April event.

Key words: dust weather, HYSPLIT, aerosol lidar, wind profiler radar, transport trajectory

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