干旱气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 846-855.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2025-06-0846

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

珠江口咸潮与干旱复合事件风险及其对气候变化的响应

段海来1,2,3(), 刘畅1, 谢礼江1   

  1. 1.广东省气候中心广东 广州 510640
    2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室甘肃 兰州 730020
    3.中国气象局上海城市气候变化应对重点开放实验室上海 200030
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-13 修回日期:2025-07-24 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2026-01-19
  • 作者简介:段海来(1982—),男,高级工程师,主要从事应用气象、气候变化及其区域生态响应研究。E-mail: 121888736@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024J041);中国气象局青年创新团队项目(CMA2024QN14);干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM202401);粤港澳大湾区气象科技协同攻关项目(CHMA2024Z05);中国气象局-南开大学环境健康气象合作项目(CMANKU202403);广东省气象局软科学项目(M202414)

Saltwater intrusion-drought compound event risk in the Pearl River Estuary and its response to climate change

DUAN Hailai1,2,3(), LIU Chang1, XIE Lijiang1   

  1. 1. Guangdong Climate CenterGuangzhou 510640, China
    2. Institute of Arid MeteorologyChina Meteorological Administration, Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of CMALanzhou 730020, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Citie’s Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in ShanghaiChina Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030, China
  • Received:2025-06-13 Revised:2025-07-24 Online:2025-12-31 Published:2026-01-19

摘要:

探讨咸潮与干旱复合事件风险对气候变化的响应规律,可为保障区域供水安全提供科学依据。以珠江口磨刀门水道为研究对象,基于西江流域广东段逐日干旱资料与珠江口磨刀门广昌泵站咸潮监测数据,运用咸潮与干旱复合事件风险评估模型对珠江口磨刀门咸潮与干旱复合事件风险指数进行计算、评价和预测。结果表明:珠江口磨刀门水道含氯度与西江流域广东段超前8 d平均干旱指数呈显著的非线性负相关,当干旱指数≤-0.69时,即达到咸潮入侵的阈值条件;11月至翌年3月珠江口磨刀门咸潮与干旱复合事件风险指数较高,其中12月中旬至次年1月底风险指数最高;未来中等排放情景(SSP2-4.5)下,秋季咸潮与干旱复合事件风险指数增加趋势明显,尤其11月增加最显著,春季次之;1970—2099年珠江口磨刀门咸潮与干旱复合事件风险指数总体呈现波动增加趋势,相比于近20 a(2001—2020年),近期(2021—2040年)、中期(2041—2060年)、21世纪末(2080—2099年)咸潮与干旱复合事件风险指数将分别增加1.9%、8.4%、9.6%,未来不同时段咸潮与干旱复合事件开始日期将提前10 d以上,结束日期将推迟9 d以上。未来气候变化情景下,珠江口咸潮与干旱复合事件持续时间延长,跨季节风险呈增加趋势,秋冬春持续发生咸潮与干旱复合事件风险的概率明显增大。

关键词: 咸潮, 干旱, 复合事件风险, 气候变化, 珠江口

Abstract:

Investigating the response routine of saltwater intrusion-drought compound risk to climate change provides a scientific basis for safeguarding regional water supply security. This study focuses on the Modaomen waterway in the Pearl River Estuary. Utilizing daily drought data from the Guangdong section of the Xijiang River Basin and salinity monitoring data from the Guangchang Pumping Station in the Modaomen Estuary, this study applies a compound risk assessment model to calculate, evaluate, and project the saltwater intrusion-drought compound risk index for Modaomen. The results show that the chloride concentration in the Modamen waterway of the Pearl Rver Estuary has a significant nonlinear negative correlation with the 8-day antecedent average drought index in the Guangdong section of the Xijiang River Basin. When the drought index is less than or equal to -0.69, the threshold condition for saltwater intrusion is met.The saltwater intrusion-drought compound events risk index in Modaomen is higher from November to March of the following year, with the peak risk occurring from mid-December to late January of the next year. Under the future medium emission scenario (SSP2-4.5), the saltwater intrusion-drought compound events risk index shows a marked increasing trend in autumn, most notably in November, followed by spring. From 1970 to 2099, the saltwater intrusion-drought compound events risk index in Modaomen of the Pearl River Estuary generally shows a fluctuating upward trend. Compared with the recent 20-year period (2001-2020), the risk index will increase by 1.9%, 8.4%, and 9.6% in the near-term (2021-2040), mid-term (2041-2060), and late-21st-century (2080-2099), respectively. The start dates of saltwater intrusion-drought compound events will advance by more than 10 days, and the end dates will delay by more than 9 days in different future periods. Under future climate change scenarios, the duration of compound saltwater intrusion and drought events in the Pearl River Estuary will lengthen, the cross-seasonal risk will show an increasing trend, and the probability of such events occurring consecutively in autumn, winter, and spring will rise significantly.

Key words: saltwater intrusion, drought, risk of compound events, climate change, Pearl River Estuary

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