干旱气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 770-781.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2025-05-0770

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

福建古田一次对流云人工增雨催化试验的数值模拟研究

谢祖欣1,2,3(), 林文1,2,3, 李丹1,2,3, 花少烽4()   

  1. 1.福建省气象科学研究所,福建 福州 350008
    2.福建省灾害天气重点实验室,福建 福州 350008
    3.中国气象局海峡灾害天气重点开放实验室,福建 福州 350008
    4.中国气象局人工影响天气中心,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21 修回日期:2025-07-17 出版日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2025-11-09
  • 通讯作者: 花少烽(1992—),男,高级工程师,主要从事云降水物理研究。E-mail: huasf@cma.gov.cn
  • 作者简介:谢祖欣(1987—),女,高级工程师,主要从事人工影响天气和云降水物理研究。E-mail: xie_zuxin@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01452);福建省自然科学基金项目(2023N0029);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3007603-04);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1510303);华东区域气象科技协同创新基金合作项目(QYHZ202312)

A numerical simulation study on a convective cloud artificial rain enhancement seeding experiment in Gutian, Fujian Province

XIE Zuxin1,2,3(), LIN Wen1,2,3, LI Dan1,2,3, HUA Shaofeng4()   

  1. 1. Fujian Meteorological Science Institute, Fuzhou 350008, China
    2. Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350008, China
    3. Key Open Laboratory for Strait Disaster Weather of CMA, Fuzhou 350008, China
    4. China Meteorological Administration Weather Modification Centre, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2025-03-21 Revised:2025-07-17 Online:2025-10-31 Published:2025-11-09

摘要:

对流云是南方人工增雨开发利用空中云水资源的重要对象,结构复杂多变;通过数值模式合理评估催化作业过程,进而研究其催化机制,是建立和改进催化作业技术的必要途径,也是评估实际人工增雨作业效果的有效手段。利用耦合了碘化银(AgI)催化的WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,对2021年5月4日福建古田人工增雨随机化试验个例开展催化模拟,分析AgI核化机制、催化对云系宏微观特征、降水机制的影响以及增雨效果评估。结果显示,AgI播撒后呈带状扩散,催化前期(09:00—11:00)(世界时,下同)地面降水增量缓慢增加;随后(11:00—13:00)降水增幅加大并出现剧烈波动;13:00后降水增量以负值为主。AgI主要核化机制为凝华核化,核化持续约40 min。AgI播撒后主要通过凝华核化使冰晶数浓度大幅增加(增量约3~9个·L-1),增长的冰晶大部分转化为雪晶,再通过雪晶融化增加云中雨滴质量浓度。此次过程催化影响时间持续约4 h,催化部位绝对增雨量约-0.78~1.24 mm,增雨率约-8.3%~12.1%,总降水增量为4.64×105 t,增雨效果显著。

关键词: 中尺度冷云催化模式, 人工增雨, 效果评估, 碘化银催化

Abstract:

Convective cloud systems, characterized by complex and variable structures, are key targets for atmospheric water resource exploitation through artificial rain enhancement in the South China. Reasonably evaluating the seeding operation process through numerical models and further studying their catalytic mechanisms is a necessary approach to establishing and improving seeding operation techniques, and it is also an effective means to assess the actual effects of artificial rain enhancement operations. In this study, based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a silver iodide (AgI) seeding module, a catalytic simulation was conducted for the case of the artificial rainfall enhancement experiment in Gutian, Fujian Province on May 4, 2021. The catalytic mechanism of AgI nucleation, the impact of the catalysis on the macro and micro characteristics of the cloud system, the precipitation mechanism, and the evaluation of the rainfall enhancement effect were analyzed. Numerical simulation results indicate that the dispersed AgI particles spread in a band-like patterns within the clouds. During the initial catalytic stage (09:00-11:00 UTC), the increment of ground precipitation increased slowly. Then (from 11:00 to 13:00 UTC), the precipitation increment increased significantly and showed sharp fluctuations, after 13:00 UTC, the increment of precipitation was mainly negative. Deposition nucleation was identified as the dominant AgI activation mechanism, sustaining effective catalysis for approximately 40 minutes. After AgI was dispersed, it mainly increased the number concentration of ice crystals through sublimation nucleation (by 3 to 9 particles per liter). The majority of the increased ice crystals transformed into snow crystals, and then the melting of these snow crystals increased the mass concentration of raindrops in the cloud. The impact of seeding persisted for about four hours, resulting in an absolute increase in precipitation ranging from -0.78 to 1.24 mm, the rainfall enhancement rate was approximately -8.3% to 12.1%, and the total precipitation increase was 4.64×105 tons. The rainfall enhancement effect was significant.

Key words: mesoscale cold cloud seeding model, rainfall enhancement, effect evaluation, silver iodide seeding

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