干旱气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 186-194.

• 论文 • 上一篇    

1961—2023年黑龙江省多尺度干旱时空特征

刘玉莲1,2 ,李秀芬3 ,康恒元4 ,孙 爽1,2 ,袁 芳5 ,周贺玲6 ,沈月钊7
  

  1. 1. 黑龙江省气候中心,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030;2. 五营国家气候观象台,黑龙江 五营 153000;3. 黑龙江省气象科学研究所,
    黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030;4. 黑龙江省哈尔滨市气象局,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150028;5. 中国气象局气象干部培训学院湖北分院,
    湖北 武汉 430074;6. 河北省廊坊市气象局,河北 廊坊 131001;7. 黑龙江省五常市气象局,黑龙江 五常 150040
  • 出版日期:2025-04-30 发布日期:2025-05-13
  • 作者简介:刘玉莲(1974—),女,正高级工程师,主要从事区域气候变化研究。E-mail: Liuyl74@qq. com。

Multi-scale drought spatiotemporal characteristics in Heilongjiang Province from 1961 to 2023

LIU Yulian1,2, LI Xiufen3, KANG Hengyuan4, SUN Shuang1,2, YUAN Fang5, ZHOU Heling6, SHEN Yuezhao7
  

  1. 1. Climate Center of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China;
    2. Wuying National Climatological Observatory, Wuying 153000, Heilongjiang, China;
    3. Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Harbin 150030, China;
    4. Harbin Meteorological Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150028, China;
    5. Training Centre, CMA, Hubei Branch, Wuhan 430074, China;
    6. Langfang Meteorological Bureau of Hebei Province,  Langfang  131001 , Hebei, China; 7. Wuchang Meteorological Bureau of Heilongjiang Province,Wuchang 150040 ,Heilongjiang, China
  • Online:2025-04-30 Published:2025-05-13

摘要:

明确气候变化背景下黑龙江省多尺度干旱时空特征,对于防灾减灾、保障粮食安全至关重要。基于 1961—2023 年黑龙江省水平分辨率为 1°×1°的 NCEP(National Center for Environmental Prediction)和 GPCC(Global Precipitation Climatology Centre)月尺度格点气象数据,计算不同时间尺度的标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI),使用 K-means 聚类方法,将黑龙江省分为3个区域,分析1961—2023年黑龙江省不同干旱分区、多时间尺度气象干旱时空特征。结果表明:1961—2023年黑龙江省 SPEI指数表现出明显的波动,北部山区 4月 SPEI呈现显著减小趋势,而中西平原区和东南区在不同时间尺度下 SPEI呈增加趋势,表明黑龙江省不同区域的干湿状况存在显著的空间差异。黑龙江省气象干旱主要以大范围群发的形式出现,有两个明显的高发期,分别是 1967—1989 年和 1999—2011 年;夏季干旱影响范围普遍大于春季。最近气候期(1991—
2020 年)黑龙江省的干旱频次增加、强度增强,这一趋势对区域的生态安全和可持续发展构成了挑战。

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Abstract:

It is crucial for disaster prevention, mitigation, and food security to elucidate the temporal and spatial characteristics of
multi-scale drought in Heilongjiang Province under the background of climate change. Based on NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) and GPCC (Global Precipitation Climatology Center) monthly grid meteorological data with a horizontal resolution of 1°×1° in Heilongjiang Province from 1961 to 2023, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was calculated at various time scales. Additionally, the K-means clustering method was employed to divide Heilongjiang Province into three distinct zones, and the spatio-temporal characteristics of meteorological drought for multiple time scales in different zones in Heilongjiang Province from 1961 to 2023. The results show that the SPEI in Heilongjiang Province fluctuated significantly from 1961 to 2023. Notably, the SPEI in the northern mountainous region decreased markedly in April, while the SPEI in the central and western plain areas as well as the southeastern region increased at varying time scales, reflecting obvious spatial disparities in dry and wet conditions across different regions of Heilongjiang Province. Meteorological drought in Heilongjiang Province predominantly manifested as large-scale widespread occurrences, with two prominent high-frequency periods: 1967-1989 and 1999-2011. Furthermore, the spatial extent of drought in summer generally exceeded that in spring. In the recent climatic period (1991-2020), the frequency of drought in Heilongjiang Province increased and the intensity of drought intensified. And this trend poses a challenge to regional ecological security and sustainable development.

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