1981—2019年新疆区域性高温天气过程时空特征及其环流分型

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-02-0212

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用1981—2019年5—9月新疆105个国家基本气象站日最高气温观测资料及美国国家环境预报中心和大气研究中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research,NCEP/NCAR)逐日再分析资料,分析新疆区域性高温天气过程的时空变化特征及环流形势。结果表明:(1)1981—2019年新疆共出现100次区域性高温天气过程,主要发生在6—8月,其中7月最多、8月次之、6月最少;区域性高温天气过程主要出现在伊犁河谷平原地区、北疆准噶尔盆地南缘、南疆塔里木盆地及东疆平原地区。(2)进入21世纪后,新疆高温天气过程发生次数呈增加趋势,强度明显增强;过程开始时间有提前趋势,结束时间有推后趋势;过程累计日数则呈现“增加、减少、增加”的阶段性变化趋势。(3)造成新疆区域性高温天气过程的500 hPa环流形势主要分为4类,分别为伊朗副高东伸型(占54.0%)、叠加型(占32.0%)、新疆脊型(占12.0%)、西太副高西伸型(占2.0%)。

关键词: 区域性高温天气过程, 变化特征, 强度等级, 环流分型

Abstract:

Based on the observation data of daily maximum temperature from 105 national meteorological stations in Xinjiang and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from May to September during 1981-2019, the spatial and temporal characteristics and circulation types of regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) During 1981-2019, there were 100 regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang, concentrating in the Yili valley plain, the southern edge of Junggar basin in northern Xinjiang, Tarim basin in southern Xinjiang and the plain area in eastern Xinjiang, which mainly occurred from June to August, with the most in July, the second in August and the least in June. (2) Since the 21st century, the number of high temperature weather processes showed an increasing trend and the intensity of the processes obviously enhanced. The start time of the processes showed an advance trend, while the end time pushed. In addition, the duration days of the processes showed a phased trend of “increase, decrease, increase”. (3) The circulation situation at 500 hPa geopotential height field causing the regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang could be divided into four types, namely the eastward extension of Iranian subtropical high type (accounting for 54.0%), the superposition type (accounting for 32.0%), the Xinjiang high pressure ridge type (accounting for 12.0%), and the westward extension of western Pacific subtropical high type (accounting for 2.0%).

Key words: regional high temperature weather process, change characteristics, intensity grade, circulation types

中图分类号:

P468.0+21

许婷婷, 杨霞, 周鸿奎. 1981—2019年新疆区域性高温天气过程时空特征及其环流分型[J]. 干旱气象, 2022, 40(2): 212-221.

XU Tingting, YANG Xia, ZHOU Hongkui. Spatio-temporal characteristics and circulation types of regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang during 1981-2019[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2022, 40(2): 212-221.

图/表 14

表1 高温天气过程等级划分

Tab.1 Classification of high temperature weather process

区域性高温天气过程等级	高温天气过程等级指标
特强	1≤RI<2
强	2≤RI<3
中等	3≤RI<4
弱	RI≥4

图1 1981—2019年6—8月(a)和7月(b)新疆区域性高温天气过程发生次数的空间分布(单位:次)

Fig.1 Spatial distribution of occurrence times of regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang from June to August (a) and in July (b) during 1981-2019 (Unit: times)

图2 1981—2019年新疆区域性高温天气过程开始(a、b)和结束(c、d)时间年际变化(a、c)及其次数逐旬分布(b、d)

Fig.2 The start time (a, b) and end time (c, d) inter-annual variation of regional high temperature weather processes (a, c) and its times ten-day’s distribution (b, d) in Xinjiang during 1981-2019

图3 1981—2019年6—8月新疆不同等级区域性高温天气过程发生次数的年际变化 (a)高温天气过程,(b)弱高温天气过程,(c)中等高温天气过程,(d)强高温天气过程

Fig.3 The inter-annual variation of occurrence times of regional high temperature weather processes with different grades in Xinjiang from June to August during 1981-2019 (a) high temperature weather process, (b) weak high temperature weather process, (c) moderate high temperature weather process, (d) severe high temperature weather process

图4 1981—2019年6—8月新疆不同等级区域性高温天气过程发生次数的月际变化

Fig.4 The monthly variation of occurrence times of regional high temperature weather processes with different grades in Xinjiang from June to August during 1981-2019

表2 The occurrence times of regional high temperature weather processes with different grades in Xinjiang in different periods during 1981-2019 单位:次

Tab.2

时段	不同等级高温天气过程发生次数				合计	强度排名前10的过程数
时段	特强	强	中等	弱	合计	强度排名前10的过程数
20世纪80年代	0	3	9	11	23	2
20世纪90年代	0	1	12	8	21	1
21世纪00年代	0	3	12	15	30	3
2011—2019年	1	4	13	8	26	4
合计	1	11	46	42	100	10

图5 1981—2019年新疆区域性高温天气过程累计日数年际变化

Fig.5 The inter-annual variation of accumulative days of regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang from 1981 to 2019

表3 1981—2019年6—8月新疆不同等级区域性高温天气过程持续日数的月际变化

Tab.3 The monthly variation of duration days of regional high temperature weather processes with different grades in Xinjiang from June to August during 1981-2019

过程等级	过程发生次数/次	过程平均持续日数/d
过程等级	过程发生次数/次	6月	7月	8月	6—8月
特强	1	0.0	22.0	0.0	22.0
强	11	0.0	10.0	11.7	11.1
中等	46	9.8	7.2	6.0	7.4
弱	42	4.3	4.4	3.7	4.2

表4 1981—2019年不同时段新疆区域性高温天气过程持续日数统计

Tab.4 The statistics of duration days of regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang in different periods during 1981-2019

时段	过程数/次	过程平均持续日数/d	持续5 d及以上的过程数/次	持续10 d及以上的过程数/次
20世纪80年代	23	6.4	15	4
20世纪90年代	21	6.0	14	1
21世纪00年代	30	5.7	20	2
2011—2019年	26	8.2	21	9

表5 The impact system classification of regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang in different periods during 1981-2019 单位:次

Tab.5

时段	不同影响系统出现次数				合计
时段	伊朗副高东伸型	叠加型	新疆脊型	西太副高西伸型	合计
20世纪80年代	12	9	1	1	23
20世纪90年代	14	3	4	0	21
21世纪00年代	17	5	7	1	30
2011—2019年	11	15	0	0	26
合计	54	32	12	2	100

图6 伊朗副高东伸型高温天气过程(a)及2017年7月8日典型高温天气(b)的500 hPa位势高度场(单位:gpm)

Fig.6 The geopotential height field at 500 hPa during high temperature weather processes with the eastward extension of Iranian subtropical high type (a) and in typical temperature weather on 8 July 2017 (b) (Unit: gpm)

图7 叠加型高温天气过程(a)及2015年7月23日典型高温天气(b)的500 hPa位势高度场(单位:gpm)

Fig.7 The geopotential height field at 500 hPa during high temperature weather processes with the superposition type (a) and in typical temperature weather on 23 July 2015 (b) (Unit: gpm)

图8 新疆脊型高温天气过程(a)及2004年6月20日典型高温天气(b)的500 hPa位势高度场(单位:gpm)

Fig.8 The geopotential height field at 500 hPa during high temperature weather processes with the Xinjiang high pressure ridge type (a) and in typical temperature weather on 20 June 2004 (b) (Unit: gpm)

图9 西太副高西伸型高温天气过程500 hPa位势高度场(单位:gpm)

Fig.9 The geopotential height field at 500 hPa during high temperature weather processes with the westward extension of western Pacific subtropical high type (Unit: gpm)

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