干旱气象 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 212-221.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-02-0212

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1981—2019年新疆区域性高温天气过程时空特征及其环流分型

许婷婷1(), 杨霞1, 周鸿奎2()   

  1. 1.新疆维吾尔自治区气象台,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
    2.新疆维吾尔自治区气象信息中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-26 修回日期:2021-04-09 出版日期:2022-04-30 发布日期:2022-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 周鸿奎
  • 作者简介:许婷婷(1989— ),女,工程师,主要从事天气预报与服务. E-mail: 1048330331@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk1300);新疆气象科技创新发展基金指导性项目(MS202208)

Spatio-temporal characteristics and circulation types of regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang during 1981-2019

XU Tingting1(), YANG Xia1, ZHOU Hongkui2()   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002, China
    2. Xinjiang Meteorological Information Center, Urumqi 830002, China
  • Received:2021-01-26 Revised:2021-04-09 Online:2022-04-30 Published:2022-05-10
  • Contact: ZHOU Hongkui

摘要:

利用1981—2019年5—9月新疆105个国家基本气象站日最高气温观测资料及美国国家环境预报中心和大气研究中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research,NCEP/NCAR)逐日再分析资料,分析新疆区域性高温天气过程的时空变化特征及环流形势。结果表明:(1)1981—2019年新疆共出现100次区域性高温天气过程,主要发生在6—8月,其中7月最多、8月次之、6月最少;区域性高温天气过程主要出现在伊犁河谷平原地区、北疆准噶尔盆地南缘、南疆塔里木盆地及东疆平原地区。(2)进入21世纪后,新疆高温天气过程发生次数呈增加趋势,强度明显增强;过程开始时间有提前趋势,结束时间有推后趋势;过程累计日数则呈现“增加、减少、增加”的阶段性变化趋势。(3)造成新疆区域性高温天气过程的500 hPa环流形势主要分为4类,分别为伊朗副高东伸型(占54.0%)、叠加型(占32.0%)、新疆脊型(占12.0%)、西太副高西伸型(占2.0%)。

关键词: 区域性高温天气过程, 变化特征, 强度等级, 环流分型

Abstract:

Based on the observation data of daily maximum temperature from 105 national meteorological stations in Xinjiang and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from May to September during 1981-2019, the spatial and temporal characteristics and circulation types of regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) During 1981-2019, there were 100 regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang, concentrating in the Yili valley plain, the southern edge of Junggar basin in northern Xinjiang, Tarim basin in southern Xinjiang and the plain area in eastern Xinjiang, which mainly occurred from June to August, with the most in July, the second in August and the least in June. (2) Since the 21st century, the number of high temperature weather processes showed an increasing trend and the intensity of the processes obviously enhanced. The start time of the processes showed an advance trend, while the end time pushed. In addition, the duration days of the processes showed a phased trend of “increase, decrease, increase”. (3) The circulation situation at 500 hPa geopotential height field causing the regional high temperature weather processes in Xinjiang could be divided into four types, namely the eastward extension of Iranian subtropical high type (accounting for 54.0%), the superposition type (accounting for 32.0%), the Xinjiang high pressure ridge type (accounting for 12.0%), and the westward extension of western Pacific subtropical high type (accounting for 2.0%).

Key words: regional high temperature weather process, change characteristics, intensity grade, circulation types

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