干旱气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 867-877.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2025-06-0867

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海高原低涡关联降水特征及不同象限环境场分析

沈晓燕1,2(), 马元仓1,2(), 申燕玲1,2, 权晨1,2, 管琴1,2, 安琳1,2, 王惠平1,2   

  1. 1.青海省气象科学研究所青海 西宁 810001
    2.青海省防灾减灾重点实验室青海 西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-22 修回日期:2025-04-22 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2026-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 马元仓(1968—),男,青海乐都人,正高级工程师,主要从事气象预报及气象服务研究。E-mail:qhqxjmyc@163.com
  • 作者简介:沈晓燕(1992—),女,青海乐都人,高级工程师,主要从事数值模式及检验研究。E-mail:sxygwm@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(62162053);青海省科技计划项目(2023-SF-111);青海省气象局科技项目(QXGS2023-06)

Precipitation characteristics associated with the Qinghai Plateau vortex and environmental field analysis of different quadrants

SHEN Xiaoyan1,2(), MA Yuancang1,2(), SHEN Yanling1,2, QUAN Chen1,2, GUAN Qin1,2, AN Lin1,2, WANG Huiping1,2   

  1. 1. Qinghai Institute of Meteorological ScienceXining 810001, China
    2. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and MitigationXining 810001, China
  • Received:2025-02-22 Revised:2025-04-22 Online:2025-12-31 Published:2026-01-19

摘要:

高原低涡是造成青海暴雨和短时强降水的重要天气系统之一。基于1979—2021年高原低涡数据集、青海气象站点降水观测资料及欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)ERA5再分析资料,利用高原低涡降水关联方法和动态合成分析方法,研究了青海高原低涡日占比、高原低涡降水及环境场特征。结果表明:青海高原低涡日占比呈东北向西南递增的空间分布特征,全年最大值为15.37%。高原低涡降水占总降水量的比例全年最大值为37.92%,高原低涡极端降水日数占总极端降水日数的比例全年最大值位于青海西南部(63.69%),高原低涡极端降水日数占高原低涡日数的比例全年最大值位于海西州东部到海南州南部地区(10.73%),这些地区高原低涡日数较少,但往往会引发较强降水。青海高原低涡日占比高值主要集中在4—10月,高原低涡东移过程中对降水的影响更显著。以高原低涡中心为原点动态合成的高原低涡大雨频次呈现纬向宽、经向窄的不对称分布,大雨落区集中分布在东北象限和东南象限,大雨发生频次最大出现在距离低涡中心0.50~1.25个纬距范围内。

关键词: 高原低涡, 青海高原, 统计特征, 环境条件

Abstract:

The plateau vortex is one of the important weather systems causing heavy rainfall and short-duration intense precipitation in Qinghai Province. Based on the plateau vortex dataset, precipitation observation data of meteorological stations in Qinghai, and the ERA5 reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) from 1979 to 2021, this study investigates the proportion of plateau vortex days, plateau vortex precipitation, and environmental field characteristics over Qinghai by using the plateau vortex precipitation correlation method and dynamic composite analysis method. The results show that the spatial distribution of the proportion of plateau vortex days in Qinghai increases from northeast to southwest, with an annual maximum of 15.37%. The annual maximum proportion of plateau vortex precipitation to total precipitation reaches 37.92%. The annual maximum proportion of plateau vortex extreme precipitation days to the total extreme precipitation days is observed in southwestern Qinghai (63.69%). Meanwhile, the annual maximum proportion of plateau vortex extreme precipitation days to plateau vortex days occurs in the region from eastern Haixi Prefecture to southern Hainan Prefecture (10.73%). Although the number of plateau vortex days is relatively small in these areas, such systems often induce intense precipitation. The larger proportion of plateau vortex days over Qinghai is mainly concentrated in the period from April to October, and the eastward movement of plateau vortices exerts a more significant impact on precipitation. The frequency of heavy rain dynamically composited relative to the plateau vortex center shows an asymmetric distribution (wider in the zonal direction and narrower in the meridional direction). Heavy rain occurrences are predominantly concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern quadrants, with the maximum frequency occurring within a distance of 0.50-1.25 latitude degrees from the vortex center.

Key words: plateau vortex, Qinghai Plateau, statistical characteristics, environment condition

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