干旱气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 647-658.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2026-04-0647

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

福建一次暖区暴雨水汽输送与云微物理过程数值模拟

阴蜀城1,2(), 刘婧茹1,2, 裴昌春1,2(), 林子伦2, 程思2, 蒋悦2   

  1. 1 福建省灾害天气重点实验室福建 福州 350000
    2 福建省泉州市气象局福建 泉州 362000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-26 修回日期:2026-04-14 出版日期:2026-08-30 发布日期:2026-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 裴昌春(1991—),男,安徽马鞍山人,硕士,工程师,主要从事中小尺度对流研究。E-mail: 572913382@qq.com
  • 作者简介:阴蜀城(1993—),男,新疆石河子人,硕士,工程师,主要从事数值模拟研究。E-mail: yinsc802@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省自然科学基金项目(2023J011331);福建省自然科学基金项目(2024J011138);福建省自然科学基金项目(2024J011140);泉州市科技计划项目(2024NS002);泉州市科技计划项目(2025QZN06);厦门市科技局社会发展领域指导性科技项目(3502Z20244ZD4005)

Numerical simulation of water vapor transport and cloud microphysical processes in a warm-sector heavy rainfall event over Fujian Province

YIN Shucheng1,2(), LIU Jingru1,2, PEI Changchun1,2(), LIN Zilun2, CHENG Si2, JIANG Yue2   

  1. 1 Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe WeatherFuzhou 350000, China
    2 Quanzhou Meteorological Bureau of Fujian ProvinceQuanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
  • Received:2025-11-26 Revised:2026-04-14 Online:2026-08-30 Published:2026-09-16

摘要:

为揭示福建暖区暴雨的发生机理,提升区域暴雨预报能力,利用WRF V4.0模式与拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型(Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model,HYSPLIT),对2019年5月16日福建三明市暖区暴雨过程开展模拟分析,研究其环流背景、水汽输送规律和云微物理特征。结果表明:(1)此次暖区暴雨发生在高层辐散、低层急流辐合的有利环流配置下,中尺度对流单体“列车效应”是造成极端降水的直接成因,WRF模式较好模拟了本次暴雨过程。(2)南边界为主要水汽输入通道,850 hPa与925 hPa为关键输送层,持续的水汽补给为“列车效应”的维持提供条件。(3)基于Lin参数化方案分类的云内水凝物呈现显著垂直分层结构,模拟显示水汽与霰粒子是降水发展的关键,降水呈夜间增强、清晨达峰值的变化特征。(4)霰碰并过冷水迅速增长,其融化是产生降水的重要启动机制,而云雨碰并过程则主导雨水的持续增长,冰相微物理过程在本次模拟的暖区暴雨中扮演了关键角色。

关键词: 暖区暴雨, 数值模拟, 水汽输送, 云微物理, 霰粒子

Abstract:

To reveal the formation mechanisms of warm-sector heavy rainfall in Fujian and to improve the regional heavy rainfall forecasting capability, the Weather Research and Forecasting model version 4.0 (WRF V4.0) and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) were used to simulate and analyze a warm-sector heavy rainfall event that occurred in Sanming City, Fujian Province, on 16 May 2019. The analysis focused on the circulation background, water vapor transport patterns, and cloud microphysical characteristics of the event. The results are as follows: (1) The warm-sector heavy rainfall event occurred under a favorable circulation configuration featuring upper-level divergence and low-level jet convergence. The “train effect” of mesoscale convective cells was the direct cause of the extreme precipitation, and the WRF model reproduced this heavy rainfall event reasonably well. (2) The southern boundary served as the primary water vapor inflow channel, and 850 hPa and 925 hPa were the key transport levels. The continuous water vapor supply provided favorable conditions for the maintenance of the “train effect”. (3) The in-cloud hydrometeors classified according to the Lin microphysics parameterization scheme exhibited a pronounced vertical stratification structure. The simulation showed that water vapor and graupel particles were crucial to precipitation development and that the precipitation was characterized by enhancement at night and a peak in the early morning. (4) Graupel grew rapidly by accreting supercooled water, and its melting served as an important initiation mechanism for precipitation, whereas the accretion of cloud water by rain dominated the sustained growth of rainwater. Ice-phase microphysical processes thus played a key role in this simulated warm-sector heavy rainfall event.

Key words: warm-sector heavy rainfall, numerical simulation, water vapor transport, cloud microphysics, graupel

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