干旱气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 277-288.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2025-02-0277

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

六盘山一次积层混合地形云宏微观特征观测分析

陶涛1,3,4(), 舒志亮1,3,4(), 邓佩云1,2,3,4, 何佳1,3,4, 巴音那木拉5, 常倬林1,3,4   

  1. 1.中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750002
    2.中国气象局云降水物理与人工影响天气重点开放实验室,北京 100081
    3.宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750002
    4.六盘山大气科学宁夏回族自治区野外科学观测研究站,宁夏 银川 750002
    5.内蒙古阿拉善盟气象局,内蒙古 阿拉善 750300
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-11 修回日期:2024-11-28 出版日期:2025-04-30 发布日期:2025-05-13
  • 通讯作者: 舒志亮(1981—),男,甘肃酒泉人,正高级工程师,主要从事人工影响天气及大气物理研究工作。E-mail:8633204@163.com。
  • 作者简介:陶涛(1983—),男,重庆潼南人,高级工程师,主要从事人工影响天气及大气物理研究工作。E-mail:ala.no.4@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(2023AAC03801);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BEG02010);中国气象局云降水物理与人工影响天气重点开放实验室创新基金项目(2024CPML-C06)

Analysis of macro and micro characteristics of observational mixed orographic clouds over Liupan Mountain

TAO Tao1,3,4(), SHU Zhiliang1,3,4(), DENG Peiyun1,2,3,4, HE Jia1,3,4, BAYIN Namula5, CHANG Zhuolin1,3,4   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, China Meteorological Administration, Yinchuan 750002, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification (CPML), CMA, Beijing 100081, China
    3. Ningxia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Yinchuan 750002, China
    4. Liupan Mountains Atmospheric Science Field Observation and Research Station in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750002, China
    5. Alxa League Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia, Alxa 750300, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2024-10-11 Revised:2024-11-28 Online:2025-04-30 Published:2025-05-13

摘要: 六盘山是我国黄土高原—川滇生态屏障的重要组成部分,也是西北重要的水源涵养林基地。为进一步加强对六盘山区地形云宏微观特征的认识,科学开展地形云人工增雨作业,本文基于六盘山区海拔2 842 m高山气象站的雾滴谱仪、雨滴谱仪及毫米波云雷达等多种观测资料,研究了2020年8月21—23日宁夏六盘山区一次积层混合地形云的宏微观特征。结果表明,此次降水云系受地形影响明显,云顶高度和云系垂直厚度抬升的高度与山脉平均海拔(2 162 m)相当;雨滴粒子数浓度、最大粒径、平均粒径和液态水含量在降水最强时段达到极大值,分别为970 个·m-3、4.25 mm、1.23 mm和1.36 g·m-3;雨滴谱分布符合Gamma分布,相较M-P分布Gamma分布拟合效果更优;根据云微物理量的观测数据,可将云系划分为3个中小尺度云区,其中云区2和云区3的宽度基本相当,均约为400 km,云区3除云雾滴粒子数浓度低于云区2外,其液态水含量、平均中值体积直径和平均有效直径均有所增加,导致降水量增加1倍左右。

关键词: 六盘山, 地形云, 微物理特征, 粒子数浓度

Abstract:

Liupan Mountain is an important component of the Loess Plateau-Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier and a key water-retaining forest base in Northwest China. To further enhance the understanding of the macro- and microphysical characteristics of orographic clouds and to support scientific weather modification operations, this study investigates a mixed stratiform orographic cloud process that occurred in the Liupan Mountain area from August 21 to 23, 2020. The analysis is based on comprehensive observations from a high-mountain meteorological station at an elevation of 2 842 m, using instruments such as a fog drop spectrometer, raindrop spectrometer, and millimeter-wave cloud radar. The results show that this precipitation system was significantly influenced by orographic effects. The increases in cloud-top height and vertical thickness were approximately equal to the average mountain elevation of 2 162 m. During the period of peak rainfall, the raindrop number concentration, maximum diameter, mean diameter, and liquid water content reached maximum values of 970 m-3, 4.25 mm, 1.23 mm, and 1.36 g·m-3, respectively. The raindrop size distribution was better represented by the Gamma distribution than by the Marshall-Palmer distribution. Based on cloud microphysical data, the cloud system was divided into three mesoscale cloud regions. The widths of regions 2 and 3 were both approximately 400 km. Compared with region 2, region 3 exhibited higher liquid water content, larger mean volume diameter, and larger mean effective diameter, resulting in approximately twice the amount of precipitation.

Key words: Liupan Mountain, orographic clouds, micro-physical features, particle number concentration

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