The temperature and precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau (hereinafter referred to as the ‘TP’) increase as a whole, and the vegetation of the plateau has changed significantly under the influence of climate change. This paper summarizes the research progress on plateau climate change and its impact on plateau vegetation coverage and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), phenology, net primary productivity (NPP), biomass carbon pool, plant diversity and so on, and the future directions of research are discussed and expected. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In recent 60 years, the annual average temperature increased significantly with an average increase of 0.37 ℃ per 10 years, and the annual precipitation increased with an average increase of 10.40 mm per 10 years in the TP. The warm and dry trend of climate in the southeast of the TP and the warm and humid trend of climate in the northwest of the TP were obvious. (2) Under the background of overall improvement, the vegetation coverage and NDVI degraded in local regions of the TP. The improved area accounted for 67.7%-75.0% of the plateau total area, and they mainly distributed in the central and eastern regions. (3) Under of the influence of climate change, the green returning period of vegetation in the plateau advanced, the dry and yellow period postponed, and the growth period prolonged on the whole. However, there is a great debate on the green returning period of plateau vegetation in advance after 2000. (4) NPP of plateau vegetation increased significantly as a whole, while the increasing rate of NPP slowed down after 2000. NPP of vegetation increased significantly in southern Qilian Mountains and alpine meadows of northern Nianqing Tanggula Mountains, while it decreased in northern Tibetan Plateau, ‘one river, two rivers’ and the central and western regions of Tibet three river sources. (5) The biomass carbon pool of the plateau vegetation showed an increasing trend, which was carbon sink in general, and the spatial heterogeneity was obvious. The biomass carbon of alpine meadow and steppe increased significantly, while that of other grassland increased slightly, and even decreased in some areas. (6) The plant diversity in the plateau has changed significantly. Although the research results were different, there is no doubt that the climate change has affected significantly on species composition and plant diversity of alpine grassland community. It is suggested to strengthen data networking observation comparison and multi-scale effect research, deepen internal mechanism research and multi-factor comprehensive and quantitative analysis, strengthen sharing mechanism and improve the coping ability to climate change in the future, so as to promote ecological protection and high-quality development of the plateau.

Based on the multi-mode precipitation gridded forecast data, observation data at meteorological stations of Qinghai Province and precipitation gridded analysis product of CMA multi-source precipitation analysis system (CMPAS), the prediction performance of models to heavy precipitation cases in Qinghai Province from July to August 2020 were comparatively tested by using traditional verification method such as threat score (TS) and spatial verification method such as fraction skill score (FSS) of neighborhood method and object-oriented diagnostic evaluation method (MODE). The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The traditional TS scores of global model of European Center of Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), China Meteorological Administration global assimilation forecast system (CMA-GFS) and GRAPES regional mesoscale numerical prediction system (GRAPES-Meso) to light rain and above were higher, and the prediction performance difference of four models to light rain was little, but the models with the highest score under different verification methods were slightly different. (2) Compared with the observation, the forecasted locations of four models to moderate rain and above were generally to the west. The traditional TS scores of moderate rain and above were significantly different, but the performance score of models under different verification methods was relatively consistent. (3) Compared with the observation, the forecasted location of four models to heavy rain and above was generally to the north. The prediction ability of each model to heavy rain and above was poor, and the traditional TS scores of heavy rain and above were equal to 0, while FSS scores could effectively improve the evaluation ability to models difference, and MODE could give the specific performance of corresponding object attributes, which provides valuable reference for model application, but it was more sensitive to the selection of verification parameters.