Journal of Arid Meteorology ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 1068-1080.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-06-1068

• Review • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research progress on the impact of climate change on vegetation ecosystem in the Tibetan Plateau

CAO Xiaoyun1,2(), ZHOU Bingrong2,3(), ZHOU Huakun4, QIAO Bin1,2, YAN Yuqian1,2, ZHAO Tong1,2, CHEN Qi1,2, ZHAO Huifang1,2, YU Hongyan5   

  1. 1. Institute of Qinghai Meteorological Sciences, Xining 810001, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
    3. Science and Technology and Forecast Division of Qinghai Meteorological Bureau, Xining 810001, China
    4. Northwest Plateau Biology Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of High Cold Region Restoration Ecology, Xining 810001, China
    5. Qilian Mountain National Park Qinghai Service Guarantee Center, Xining 810001, China
  • Received:2021-12-02 Revised:2022-04-19 Online:2022-12-31 Published:2023-01-10
  • Contact: ZHOU Bingrong

气候变化对青藏高原植被生态系统的影响研究进展

曹晓云1,2(), 周秉荣2,3(), 周华坤4, 乔斌1,2, 颜玉倩1,2, 赵彤1,2, 陈奇1,2, 赵慧芳1,2, 于红妍5   

  1. 1.青海省气象科学研究所,青海 西宁 810001
    2.青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,青海 西宁 810001
    3.青海省气象局科技与预报处,青海 西宁 810001
    4.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海省高寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,青海 西宁 810001
    5.祁连山国家公园青海服务保障中心,青海 西宁 810001
  • 通讯作者: 周秉荣
  • 作者简介:曹晓云(1993—),女,硕士,工程师,从事青藏高原气候与环境研究. E-mail: xiaoyun_cao@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    青藏高原第二次科考项目(2019QZKK0105);国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2021);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021Z093);祁连山国家公园(青海片区)高寒湿地监测及保护恢复项目(QHTX-2020-040)

Abstract:

The temperature and precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau (hereinafter referred to as the ‘TP’) increase as a whole, and the vegetation of the plateau has changed significantly under the influence of climate change. This paper summarizes the research progress on plateau climate change and its impact on plateau vegetation coverage and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), phenology, net primary productivity (NPP), biomass carbon pool, plant diversity and so on, and the future directions of research are discussed and expected. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In recent 60 years, the annual average temperature increased significantly with an average increase of 0.37 ℃ per 10 years, and the annual precipitation increased with an average increase of 10.40 mm per 10 years in the TP. The warm and dry trend of climate in the southeast of the TP and the warm and humid trend of climate in the northwest of the TP were obvious. (2) Under the background of overall improvement, the vegetation coverage and NDVI degraded in local regions of the TP. The improved area accounted for 67.7%-75.0% of the plateau total area, and they mainly distributed in the central and eastern regions. (3) Under of the influence of climate change, the green returning period of vegetation in the plateau advanced, the dry and yellow period postponed, and the growth period prolonged on the whole. However, there is a great debate on the green returning period of plateau vegetation in advance after 2000. (4) NPP of plateau vegetation increased significantly as a whole, while the increasing rate of NPP slowed down after 2000. NPP of vegetation increased significantly in southern Qilian Mountains and alpine meadows of northern Nianqing Tanggula Mountains, while it decreased in northern Tibetan Plateau, ‘one river, two rivers’ and the central and western regions of Tibet three river sources. (5) The biomass carbon pool of the plateau vegetation showed an increasing trend, which was carbon sink in general, and the spatial heterogeneity was obvious. The biomass carbon of alpine meadow and steppe increased significantly, while that of other grassland increased slightly, and even decreased in some areas. (6) The plant diversity in the plateau has changed significantly. Although the research results were different, there is no doubt that the climate change has affected significantly on species composition and plant diversity of alpine grassland community. It is suggested to strengthen data networking observation comparison and multi-scale effect research, deepen internal mechanism research and multi-factor comprehensive and quantitative analysis, strengthen sharing mechanism and improve the coping ability to climate change in the future, so as to promote ecological protection and high-quality development of the plateau.

Key words: Tibetan Plateau, climate change, vegetation, influence, research progress

摘要:

近几十年来青藏高原整体气温升高、降水增多,受气候变化影响高原植被发生了显著变化。本文梳理总结了高原气候变化状况及其对植被覆盖度与归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)、物候期、净初级生产力(net primary productivity,NPP)、生物量碳库、多样性等影响的研究进展,并进行了讨论与展望。主要结论如下:(1)近60 a来,高原气温整体呈显著升高趋势,平均每10 a升高约0.37 ℃,年降水量整体呈增多趋势,平均每10 a增加约10.40 mm,东南部呈暖干化、西北部呈暖湿化趋势;(2)在整体改善背景下,高原植被覆盖度与NDVI存在局部退化态势,改善的面积占比为67.7%~75.0%,主要分布在中东部地区;(3)整体上,高原植被物候呈返青期提前、枯黄期推后、生育期延长的趋势,但2000年后返青期提前则存在较大争议;(4)高原植被NPP整体呈显著增加趋势,但2000年后增速有所减缓,显著增加的区域主要分布在祁连山南部地区及念青唐古拉山北部高寒草甸区,而藏北高原、西藏“一江两河”和三江源中西部地区则呈下降趋势;(5)高原植被生物量碳库整体呈增加趋势,表现为碳汇,且具有明显的空间异质性,高寒草甸草原增加显著,其他草地类型增幅较小,部分地区有所下降;(6)高原植物多样性发生了显著变化,尽管研究结果不尽相同,但气候变化显著影响了高寒草地植物群落物种组成和多样性的事实毋庸置疑。建议未来应加强数据组网观测对比和多尺度效应研究、深化内在机理研究和多因子综合量化分析、强化共享机制、提高应对气候变化的能力,以期促进高原生态保护和高质量发展。

关键词: 青藏高原, 气候变化, 植被, 影响, 研究进展

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