Journal of Arid Meteorology

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Variation Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation During May-September in Guizhou Province in Recent 57 Years

GAN Wenqiang, LI Gang, WAN Xueli   

  1. Guizhou Meteorological Observatary, Guiyang 550002, China
  • Online:2018-09-04 Published:2018-09-04

近57 a 5—9月贵州极端强降水变化特征

  

  1. 贵州省气象台,贵州贵阳550002
  • 通讯作者: 李刚(1983— ),男,贵州黔西县人, 高级工程师,主要从事中短期预报、数值预报释用研究. E-mail:lg0857@163.com。
  • 作者简介:甘文强(1963— ),男,贵州省遵义市人, 高级工程师,主要从事天气预报服务及应用气象研究. E-mail:qxjgkz@sina.com。
  • 基金资助:

    公益性行业(气象)专项“西南区域夏季短时强降水的中尺度结构特征对比分析及关键预报因子研究”(GYHY201506006)和“贵州省气象台山洪地质灾害防治气象保障工程 2018年建设项目”共同资助

Abstract:

Based on daily precipitation data from 82 meteological stations during May-September in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2017, the 95th percentile precipitation was defined as threshold of extreme precipitation.The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of extreme precipitation days and extreme precipitation and their relationship with altitude were analyzed. The results are as follows: the extreme precipitation threshold was higher in the southern and northeastern part, which was more than 45 mm, while it was lower in the western and northwestern part of Guizhou Province, which was about 35 mm. The spatial distribution characteristics of extreme precipitation days and extreme precipitation were high in the west and low in the east. The extreme precipitation days ranged from 3.6 to 4.6 days, and extreme precipitation ranged from 200 to 360 mm. Extreme precipitation accounted for 30% of the total precipitation during May-September. Ten days distribution of extreme precipitation stations and extreme precipitation presented single peak pattern, and their maximum value appeared in the late June. The trend of extreme rainfall days and extreme precipitation in the middle and southern part of Guizhou showed increase tendency, and in the middle it was the most obvious. Further analysis indicated that the contribution of extreme precipitation to the total precipitation showed an increase tendency. The extreme precipitation days and extreme precipitation increased with the increase of altitude, especially the extreme precipitation days were affected by altitude.

Key words: extreme rainfall, May-September , Guizhou Province, altitude

摘要:

基于贵州1961—2017年82个观测站5—9月逐日降水资料,将处于95%位置的降水量作为极端降水阈值,分析极端降水日数和极端降水量的时空分布特征及其与海拔高度的关系。结果表明:极端降水阈值在南部和东北部地区较高,大于 45.0 mm;西部和西北部较低,在35.0 mm左右。多年平均极端降水日数和极端降水量呈西高东低的空间分布特点,极端降水日数在3.6~4.6 d之间,极端降水量多处在200~360 mm之间,极端降水量占5—9月降水总量的30%左右。极端降水站次和极端降水量在各旬分布上呈单峰型,最大值均出现在6月下旬。极端降水日数和极端降水量在中南部表现出不同程度的增加趋势,中部增加趋势最为明显。极端降水量对总降水量的贡献率呈增加趋势。极端降水日数和极端降水量随海拔高度的增加而增大,尤其是极端降水日数受海拔高度的影响明显。

关键词: 极端降水, 5&mdash, 9月, 贵州省, 海拔高度