| [1]Koshak WJ .Stewart M F.Christian HJ.et al. Laboratory cali-
 bration of the optical transient detector and the lightning imaging
 sensor
 [J].JAimos Ocean Tech .2000 .17 (7):905一915.
 
 [2]Christian H J .Blakeslee R J .Boccippio D J .et al.   )obal fre-
 quency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the
 Optical Transient Detector
 [J].J  Geop hys Res.2003.108(D1):4005.
 
 [3]Boccippio D J.Koshak  W J
 ment of the optical transient
 Rlakeslee R .I_PerFormance as ess-
 detector and lightning Imaging sen-
 sor.Part  I:Predicted  diurnal  variability
 [J].J  At mo s Ocean
 Tech .2002 .19 (9):1318一1332.
 
 [4]Williams E .Rosenfeld D .Madden N ,et al. Contrasting convec-
 tive regimes over the Amawn:Implications for cloud electrifica-
 tion
 [J].J Geophys Res,2002 .107 (D20):8082.
 
 [5]Petersen  W  A .Nesbitt S W .Blakeslee R J .TRMM observations
 of intraseasonal variability in connective regimes over the Amawn
 
 [J ].J Climate .2002 ,15 (11):1278一1294.
 
 [6]Toracinta E R.}pser EJ .Lightning and SSM/ I一ice一scattering
 mesoscale connective systems in the global tropics
 [J].J Appl Me-
 teor .2001 .40 (6):983一1002.
 
 [7]Fullekrug M,Price C. Estimation of sprite occurrences in Central
 Africa
 [J].Meteorol Z,2002 ,11 (2):99一104.
 
 [8]Williams E,Stanfill S. The physical origin of the land一ocean con-
 trast in lightning activity
 [J].CR Phys,2002,3(10):1277-
 1292.
 
 [9]Price C,Rind D.  Possible implications of global climate一change
 on global lightning distributions and frequencies
 [J].J  Geophys
 Res,1994,99 (DS):10823一10831.
 
 [10]  Williams E R.  The Schumann resonance:A Qobal thermomert-
 er
 [J].Science,1992,256(5060):1184一1187.
 
 [11]  Reeve N ,Toumi R. Lightning activity as an indicator of climate
 change
 [J].Q J  R  Meteorol Soc,1999,125(555):893一903.
 
 [12]  Christian H J ,Blakeslee R J ,Boccippio D J ,et al.Qobal frequen-
 cy and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the
 Optical Transient Detector
 [J ].J Geophys Res,2003,108(D1):
 4005.
 
 [13]  Markson R,Price C. Ionospheric potential as a proxy index for
 global temperature
 [J].Atmos Res,1999,51 (3一4):309-
 314.
 
 [14] Price C.  Qobal surface temperatures and the atmospheric electri-
 cal circuit
 [J].Geophys Res Lett,1993,20(13):1363-
 1366.
 
 [15]  Price C. Evidence for a link between global lightning activity and
 upper tropo}here water vapor
 [J].Nature,2000,406 (6793):
 290一293.
 
 [16]  Baker M B ,Christian H J ,Latham J.A computational study of
 the relationships linking lightning frequency and other thunder-
 cloud parameters
 [J].Q J  R  Meteorol Soc,1995,121:1525-
 1548.
 
 [17]  Baker MB,Blyth AM,Christian Hl,et al. Relationships be-
 tween lightning activity and various thundercloud parameters:
 satellite and modeling studies
 [J].Atmos Res ,1999,51 (3一4):
 221一236.
 
 [18]Toumi R,Haigh J D,Law K S.  A tropospheric owne一light-
 ning climate feedback
 [J].Geophy Res Lett,1996,23 (9):
 1037一1040.
 
 [19]Bond DW,Steiger S,Zhang RY, et al. The importance of NOx
 production by lightning in the tropics
 [J].Atmos Environ,2002,
 36 (9):1509一1519.
 
 [20]周筠珺,郄秀书.闪电产生NOx的机制及中国内闪电产生
 NOx的量的估算
 [J].高原气象,2002 ,21 (1) :349一353.
 
 [21]杜建.闪电产生氮氧化物((LNOx)区与特征计算:LNOx结算
 结果分析
 [J].高原气象,2002 ,21 (5) :433一440.
 
 [22]周筠珺,郄秀书,言穆弘。一次雷暴过程闪电产生NOx的观
 测
 [J].高原气象,2003 ,22 (3) :275一280.
 
 [23]Steiger SM,Orville RE,Huffines G. Cloud一to一ground light-
 ning characteristics over Houston,Texas:1989一2000
 [J].J
 Geophys Res,2002 ,107(D11) :4117.
 
 [24]Orville RE,Huffines G, Nielsen一(iammon J,et al. Enhance-
 ment of cloud一to一ground lightning,2001,28 (13):over Houston,Texas
 [J ]Geophys Res Lett
 2597一2600
 
 [25]郄秀书,王素举.Ralf Toumi,卫星观测到的个球闪电活动及
 其地域差异
 [J].地球物理学报,2003.
 
 [26]郄秀书,周筠珺,Ralf Toumi.青藏高原中部的闪电活动特征
 及其对对流最大小稳定能量的响应
 [
 [J ].科学通报,2003 ,48
 (1) :87一90.
 
 [27]Qie Xiushu ,Raff Toumi. Lightning Activities on Tibetan Plateau
 as Observed by the Lightning Imaging Sensor
 [J].J  Geophys
 Res,2003.
 |