Abstract: Based on the observation data of thunderstorm from 1998 to 2015 and the observation data from automatic weather stations at Changle Airport, daily reanalysis data from NCEP during 2010-2015, the temporal distribution characteristics of thunderstorm weather accompanying with wind shear at Changle Airport were analyzed, and the circulation types were summarized. Results show that the thunderstorm weathers occurred over Changle Airport all the year round, and it was most frequent in summer and its duration was longer. The daily change of thunderstorm weathers was obvious, it mainly occurred from the afternoon to the evening, and the duration was generally less than 2 hours, the majority of thunderstorms lasted less than an hour. The thunderstorm weathers occurred most easily in the westerly direction of Changle Airport. The probability of occurring wind shear from 3 hours before to 3 hours after the thunderstorm was 54%, and the probability of thunderstorms accompanying with wind shear in the westerly direction of Changle Airport was higher than that in other directions. The frequency of weak wind shear was much higher than that of moderate wind shear in Changle Airport, while the frequency of strong wind shear was the least. There were four main types of circulation situation for thunderstorm weathers accompanying with wind shear, they were the southern trough type, subtropical high control type, North China trough type and tropical cyclone type.

Key words: Changle Airport, thunderstorm, wind shear, temporal distribution characteristics, circulation characteristics

摘要： 利用福州长乐机场1998—2015年雷暴观测资料、2010—2015年自动站观测资料及美国国家环境预报中心（NCEP）逐日再分析资料，对机场雷暴及其伴随的风切变天气特征进行统计分析。结果表明：长乐机场雷暴天气一年四季均有发生，夏季最为频繁，且持续时间较长；雷暴具有明显的日变化特征，主要出现在午后至傍晚，持续时间一般在2 h内，l h以内居多；长乐机场偏西方向是雷暴生成最多的方位。54%的雷暴发生前3 h至结束后3 h内伴有风切变，且偏西方向的雷暴伴有风切变的概率较大。长乐机场弱风切变出现的次数远高于中等强度风切变，而强风切变出现次数最少，且出现在偏西方向的概率较高。伴有风切变的雷暴天气主要有4种环流类型：南支槽型、华北槽型、副高控制型及热带气旋型。

关键词: 长乐机场, 雷暴, 风切变, 时间变化特征, 环流特征