Grassland soil respiration characteristics and their influencing factors in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau during the growing season in 2020

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639（2022）-03-0354

Journal of Arid Meteorology ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 354-363.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639（2022）-03-0354

• Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Grassland soil respiration characteristics and their influencing factors in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau during the growing season in 2020

ZHANG Linhan¹^,³(), BI Jianrong¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Xueteng¹^,³, LI Zhengpeng¹^,³, ZHAO Changming⁴^,⁵, MA Xiaojun⁵

1. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou 730000, China
3. Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Semi-arid Climate and Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
4. School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
5. Management Center of Scientific Observing Stations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2022-01-20 Revised:2022-04-11 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-06-28
Contact: BI Jianrong

黄土高原半干旱区2020年生长季草地土壤呼吸特征及其影响因素

张琳焓¹^,³(), 闭建荣¹^,²^,³(), 张雪腾¹^,³, 李正鹏¹^,³, 赵长明⁴^,⁵, 马晓俊⁵

1.兰州大学大气科学学院,半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730000
2.西部生态安全省部共建协同创新中心,甘肃兰州 730000
3.甘肃省半干旱气候与环境野外科学观测研究站,甘肃兰州 730000
4.兰州大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州 730000
5.兰州大学科学观测台站管理中心,甘肃兰州 730000

通讯作者: 闭建荣
作者简介:张琳焓（1993—）,女,硕士生,主要从事陆地碳循环过程研究. E-mail: zhanglh2019@lzu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
甘肃省野外科学观测研究站建设项目(18JR2RA013);甘肃省科技重大专项项目(18ZD2FA009);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky-2022-kb02);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky-2022-sp04)

Abstract

Abstract:

The automated soil CO₂/gas flux system (model LI-8100A) was used to continuously observe the soil respiration rate, soil temperature and water content in a semi-arid grassland of Loess Plateau during the growing season (from May to October). The temporal variations of soil respiration were comprehensively analyzed, and the influences of environmental hydrothermal factors on soil respiration were studied. The results are as follows: (1) The diurnal dynamic variations of soil respiration rate were significantly different under diverse weather conditions, and the daily mean value (2.90 µmol·m^-2·s^-1) and variation range (1.73-4.92 µmol·m^-2·s^-1) on sunny days were obviously greater than those on cloudy and overcast days. The average diurnal variations of soil respiration rate in different months all showed a significant unimodal pattern, with the maximum (2.20-4.40 µmol·m^-2·s^-1) appearing at 12:00 BST or 13:00 BST and the minimum (0.71-1.70 µmol·m^-2·s^-1) appearing at 05:00 BST or 06:00 BST. The daily mean values were close to the observed values at 10:00 BST or 19:00 BST. (2) The soil respiration rate in both daytime and nighttime were low in May and June, and increased gradually from June, then reached the peak value (in daytime 3.31±0.98 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, in nighttime 1.80±0.39 µmol·m^-2·s^-1) in August, afterwards gradually decreased. Furthermore, the lowest value occurred in October (in daytime 1.55±0.55 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, in nighttime 0.81±0.12 µmol·m^-2·s^-1), and soil respiration rates in daytime were always higher than those in nighttime. The nocturnal soil respiration contributed 27.2%-32.4% to the total respiration during the whole growing season. Therefore, the effects of nocturnal soil respiration should be considered in the current carbon cycle models of grassland ecosystem. (3) Soil temperature was the main environmental factor affecting soil respiration rate, but the univariate model of soil temperature was not enough to fully explain the diurnal dynamic changes of soil respiration. The bivariate nonlinear model combined with soil temperature and water content could be better fitted the soil respiration rate and accounted for 74.0% of the variation. (4) The temperature sensitivity indices (Q₁₀) of the entire day, daytime, and nighttime throughout the growing season in 2020 varied from 1.38 to 2.14, from 1.22 to 1.96, and from 0.85 to 1.64, respectively, with the corresponding mean values of 1.58±0.23, 1.41±0.19 and 1.20±0.16. This suggested that replacing the daily mean values of Q₁₀ with daytime averages would result in an underestimation of about 10.8%.

Key words: soil respiration rate, soil temperature, soil water content, Q₁₀value, semi-arid region of Loess Plateau

摘要：

采用LI-8100A型土壤碳通量仪对黄土高原半干旱区草地生长季（5—10月）的土壤呼吸速率、土壤温度及含水量进行连续观测,综合分析土壤呼吸的时间变化规律,并研究环境因子对呼吸速率的影响。结果表明：（1）不同天气条件下土壤呼吸速率的日动态变化差异明显,晴天的日均值（2.90 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）与变化范围（1.73~4.92 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）明显大于多云天和阴天。不同月份土壤呼吸速率的平均日变化均呈现“单峰型”结构,最高值（2.20~4.40 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）、最低值（0.71~1.70 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）分别出现在12：00或13：00、05：00或06：00,日均值接近于10：00或19：00的观测值。（2）白天和夜间土壤呼吸速率在5—6月处于较小值,从6月开始逐渐增大,8月达到峰值（白天3.31±0.98 µmol·m^-2·s^-1、夜间1.80±0.39 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）,之后逐渐减小,10月出现最低值（白天1.55±0.55 µmol·m^-2·s^-1、夜间0.81±0.12 µmol·m^-2·s^-1）,且白天通常高于夜间。整个生长季夜间土壤呼吸对全天总呼吸的贡献率为27.2%~32.4%。因此,在当前草地生态系统碳循环模型中应考虑夜间土壤呼吸的影响。（3）土壤温度是影响生长季土壤呼吸速率的主要环境因子,但土壤温度单变量模型不足以全面解释土壤呼吸的动态变化。结合土壤温度与含水量的双变量非线性模型能更好地拟合土壤呼吸速率,对其变异的解释程度达74.0%。（4）2020年生长季,全天、白天和夜间土壤呼吸的温度敏感性指数（Q₁₀）变化范围分别为1.38~2.14、1.22~1.96和0.85~1.64,对应平均值分别为1.58±0.23、1.41±0.19和1.20±0.16。如果只用白天时段的Q₁₀值代替日均值,将造成约10.8%的低估。

关键词: 土壤呼吸速率, 土壤温度, 土壤含水量, Q₁₀值, 黄土高原半干旱区

CLC Number:

X171

ZHANG Linhan, BI Jianrong, ZHANG Xueteng, LI Zhengpeng, ZHAO Changming, MA Xiaojun. Grassland soil respiration characteristics and their influencing factors in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau during the growing season in 2020[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2022, 40(3): 354-363.

张琳焓, 闭建荣, 张雪腾, 李正鹏, 赵长明, 马晓俊. 黄土高原半干旱区2020年生长季草地土壤呼吸特征及其影响因素[J]. 干旱气象, 2022, 40(3): 354-363.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Vegetation distributions in eight air chambers （taken on August 27, 2020）

Fig.2 The 30-min variation of soil respiration rate （a）, soil water content （b）, soil temperature （c）and precipitation （d） for eight air chambers during the growing season of 2020

Fig.3 Diurnal variations of soil respiration rate under three typical weather conditions

Fig.4 Average diurnal changes of soil respiration rate （a）, soil temperature （b）and soil water content （c） for different months during the growing season of 2020

Fig.5 The mean values of soil respiration rate （a）, soil temperature （b） and soil water content （c） in daytime, nighttime and all-day in each month during the growing season of 2020（Error bars represent the standard deviations）

Fig.6 The scatter diagram between soil respiration rate and soil temperature during the growing season of 2020

Fig.7 The scatter diagram between soil respiration rate and soil water content during the growing season of 2020

Tab.1 Multiple regression model of soil respiration rate with soil temperature and soil water content during the growing season of 2020

模型类型	拟合方程	R²	P
线性	$F C O 2 = - 1.791 + 0.124 T S + 8.973 W S$	0.663	P<0.001
交叉	$F C O 2 = - 0.053 + 0.044 T S - 3.106 W S + 0.596 T S W S$	0.735	P<0.001
幂次	$F C O 2 = 0.14 T S 1.265 W S 0.557$	0.733	P<0.001
复合	$F C O 2 = 1.3 - 0.048 T S - 9.618 W S + 0.002 T S 2 + 11.947 W S 2 + 0.742 T S W S$	0.740	P<0.001

Tab.1 Multiple regression model of soil respiration rate with soil temperature and soil water content during the growing season of 2020

模型类型	拟合方程	R²	P
线性	$F C O 2 = - 1.791 + 0.124 T S + 8.973 W S$	0.663	P<0.001
交叉	$F C O 2 = - 0.053 + 0.044 T S - 3.106 W S + 0.596 T S W S$	0.735	P<0.001
幂次	$F C O 2 = 0.14 T S 1.265 W S 0.557$	0.733	P<0.001
复合	$F C O 2 = 1.3 - 0.048 T S - 9.618 W S + 0.002 T S 2 + 11.947 W S 2 + 0.742 T S W S$	0.740	P<0.001

Fig.8 Comparison of measured and simulated soil respiration rate on sunny days during the growing season of 2020

Tab.2 The Q10 values in different periods in each month during the growing season of 2020

月份	时段	$β 1$	Q₁₀值	R²	P
5月	全天	0.06	1.755	0.81	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.439	0.78	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.04	1.526	0.72	$<$ 0.01
6月	全天	0.05	1.593	0.69	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.03	1.328	0.59	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.250	0.39	$<$ 0.01
7月	全天	0.03	1.378	0.38	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.02	1.220	0.29	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	-0.02	0.849	0.15	0.17
8月	全天	0.05	1.587	0.77	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.426	0.70	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.230	0.35	$<$ 0.01
9月	全天	0.05	1.713	0.84	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.564	0.78	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.223	0.43	$<$ 0.01
10月	全天	0.08	2.143	0.91	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.07	1.960	0.89	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.05	1.640	0.77	$<$ 0.01
5—10月	全天	0.05	1.575	0.62	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.03	1.414	0.58	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.201	0.21	$<$ 0.01

Tab.2 The Q10 values in different periods in each month during the growing season of 2020

月份	时段	$β 1$	Q₁₀值	R²	P
5月	全天	0.06	1.755	0.81	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.439	0.78	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.04	1.526	0.72	$<$ 0.01
6月	全天	0.05	1.593	0.69	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.03	1.328	0.59	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.250	0.39	$<$ 0.01
7月	全天	0.03	1.378	0.38	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.02	1.220	0.29	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	-0.02	0.849	0.15	0.17
8月	全天	0.05	1.587	0.77	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.426	0.70	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.230	0.35	$<$ 0.01
9月	全天	0.05	1.713	0.84	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.04	1.564	0.78	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.223	0.43	$<$ 0.01
10月	全天	0.08	2.143	0.91	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.07	1.960	0.89	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.05	1.640	0.77	$<$ 0.01
5—10月	全天	0.05	1.575	0.62	$<$ 0.01
	白天	0.03	1.414	0.58	$<$ 0.01
	夜间	0.02	1.201	0.21	$<$ 0.01

References 33

[1]	JENKISON D S, ADAMS D E, WILD A. Model estimates of CO₂emissions from soil in response to global warming[J]. Nature, 1991, 351(6324): 304-306. DOI URL
[2]	DAVIDSON E A, TRUMBORE S E, AMUNDSON R. Soil warming and organic carbon content[J]. Nature, 2000, 408(6814):789-790. DOI URL
[3]	RYAN A, SPONSELLER. Precipitation pulses and soil CO₂ flux in a Sonoran Desert ecosystem[J]. Global Change Biology, 2007, 13(2): 426-436. DOI URL
[4]	HUANG J P, JI M X, XIE Y K,et al. Global semi-arid climate change over last 60 years[J]. Climate Dynamics, 2016, 46(3/4): 1131-1150. DOI URL
[5]	BAI Y F, HAN X G, WU J G. Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland[J]. Nature, 2004, 431(7005): 181-184. DOI URL
[6]	ANDERS A, MICHAEL R, GUY S. The dominant role of semi-arid ecosystems in the trend and variability of the land CO₂ sink[J]. Science, 2015, 348(6237): 895-899. DOI URL
[7]	鲍芳, 周广胜. 中国草原土壤呼吸作用研究进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(4):713-726.
[8]	武荣盛, 侯琼, 杨玉辉,等. 多时间尺度气象干旱指数在内蒙古典型草原的适应性研究[J]. 干旱气象, 2021, 39(2):177-184.
[9]	杨帆, 买买提艾力·买买提依明, 杨兴华,等. 新疆肖塘冬季土壤呼吸特征及影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠, 2015, 35(1):195-202.
[10]	FAN Y J, CHANG X Y, ZHAO D P, et al. Study on soil respiration characteristics and carbon balance of kobresia pygmaea meadow in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2020, 11(8), 636-647. DOI URL
[11]	药静宇, 王国印, 黄建平,等. 黄土高原半干旱区净碳交换量的特征分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2016, 34(1):88-95.
[12]	白美兰, 孟玉婧, 董祝雷,等. 内蒙古地区典型草原下垫面CO₂通量变化特征及影响因素[J]. 干旱气象, 2018, 36(2):212-218.
[13]	李旭东, 沈晓坤, 张春平,等. 黄土高原农田土壤呼吸特征及其影响因素[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5):24-30.
[14]	郭丁, 李旭东, 王静,等. 黄土高原草地和农田生态系统碳滞留时间及固碳潜力[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(2):363-371.
[15]	李志刚, 侯扶江. 黄土高原不同地形封育草地的土壤呼吸日动态与影响因子分析[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(1):42-49.
[16]	周小刚, 张彦军, 南雅芳,等. 黄土区农田和草地生态系统土壤呼吸差异及其影响因素[J]. 环境科学, 2013, 34(3):1026-1033.
[17]	HUANG J P, ZHANG W, ZUO J Q, et al. An overview of the semi-arid climate and environment research observatory over the Loess Plateau[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2008, 25(6): 906-921. DOI URL
[18]	王兴, 钟泽坤, 朱玉帆,等. 增温和增雨对黄土丘陵区撂荒草地土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2022, 43(3):1657-1667.
[19]	NORMAN J M, GARCIA R, VERMA S B. Soil surface CO₂ fluxes and the carbon budget of a grassland[J]. Journal Geophysical Research, 1992, 97(17):18 845-18 853.
[20]	TJOELKER M G, OLEKSYN J, REICH P B, et al. Modelling respiration of vegetation: evidence for a general temperature-dependence Q₁₀[J]. Global Change Biology, 2001, 7(2): 223-230. DOI URL
[21]	YANG F, ALI M, ZHANG X Q, et al. Diurnal dynamics of soil respiration and the influencing factors for three land-cover types in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2017, 9(4): 568-579. DOI
[22]	GRAHAMMER K, JAWSON M D, SKOPP J. Day and night soil respiration from a grassland[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1997, 23(1): 77-81. DOI URL
[23]	ZOU J L, BRIAN T, LUO Y Q, et al. Response of soil respiration and its components to experimental warming and water addition in a temperate Sitka spruce forest ecosystem[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2018(260/261): 204-215.
[24]	侯琼, 苗百岭, 王英舜,等. 水分胁迫对半干旱典型草原土壤水分变化特征的影响[J]. 干旱气象, 2020, 38(6):987-993.
[25]	NOH N J, KURIBAYASHI M, SAITOH T M, et al. Responses of soil, heterotrophic, and autotrophic respiration to experimental open-field soil warming in a cool-temperate deciduous forest[J]. Ecosystems, 2016, 19(3): 504-520. DOI URL
[26]	CHEN J, LUO Y Q, GARCÍA-PALACIOS P, et al. Differential responses of carbon-degrading enzymes activities to warming: implications for soil respiration[J]. Global change biology, 2018, 24(10): 4816-4826. DOI URL
[27]	刘丽雯, 刘梦云, 吴健利,等. 黄土台塬不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸季节性变化及影响因素[J]. 环境科学研究, 2016, 29(12):1819-1828.
[28]	马涛, 贾志清, 周波,等. 黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型土壤呼吸及其与温度和水分的关系[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018, 38(1):82-88+95.
[29]	王建国, 樊军, 王力,等. 退耕还林还草过程中不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸作用及其碳收支评估[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(10):2024-2032.
[30]	杨金艳, 王传宽. 土壤水热条件对东北森林土壤表面CO₂通量的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(2):286-294. DOI
[31]	周萍, 刘国彬, 薛萐. 草地生态系统土壤呼吸及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(2):184-193.
[32]	LI X D, GUO D, ZHANG C. Contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration in a semi-arid grassland on the Loess Plateau[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2018, 627(15):1209-1217. DOI URL
[33]	LUO Y Q, WAN S Q, HUI D F, et al. Acclimatization of soil respiration to warming in a tall grass prairie[J]. Nature, 2001, 413(6856): 622-625. DOI URL

Grassland soil respiration characteristics and their influencing factors in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau during the growing season in 2020

黄土高原半干旱区2020年生长季草地土壤呼吸特征及其影响因素

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 10

References 33

Related Articles 10

Recommended Articles

Metrics

[1]	ZENG Xuan, ZHANG Lanhui, BAI Xuliang, LIU Yu, AN Qi. Evaluation of CLM 5.0 on simulating soil temperature in alpine mountainous area in arid environment [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2023, 41(3): 368-379.
[2]	XIAO Jingjing, MA Hao, ZHANG Yuhui, HE Zhonghua, LI Na, WEN Quanpei, LI Zhengquan. Construction of Ground Temperature Series and Its Characteristics from 1905 to 2018 in Zhejiang Province [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2021, 39(3): 386-393.
[3]	QUAN Chen, ZHOU Bingrong, ZHU Shengcui, XIAO Hongbin, SHEN Xiaoyan, LI Fu. Variation Characteristics of Soil Temperature and Moisture During the Freezing and Thawing Periods in Alpine Wetland in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2018, 36(2): 219-225.
[4]	GU Shuhong1,2, HU Jiamin1,2, GU Kun2,3, ZHANG Bo1,2,GU Xiaoping1,2, CHEN Zhongyun1,2, XU Yongling1,2. Research on Drought Monitoring of Dryland Agriculture Based on Soil Water Content Simulation in Guizhou Mountainous Area [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2017, 35(1): 29-35.
[5]	WANG Lijuan, GUO Ni, SHA Sha, HU Die,WANG Wei, DENG Zuqin, LIU Weigang. Effect of Mixed Pixel on Monitoring Ability of Remote Sensing Drought Index [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2016, 34(5): 772-778.
[6]	REN Liwen, WANG Xingtao, DING Wenkui, YANG Hua, WANG Runyuan. Effects of Drought Stress at Different Growth Stage of Spring Maize on Soil Temperature, Water Content and Yield [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2016, 34(5): 860-865.
[7]	ZHANG Aiping，LI Lingping. Relationship Between Winter Shallow Soil Temperature and Spring Sand － dust Days in East of Hexi Corridor [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2014, 32(4): 582-587.
[8]	. Impacts of Soil Temperature on Developmental Stage and Yield of Winter Wheat in Zhengzhou of Henan Province [J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2012, 30(1): 66-70.
[9]	. Characteristics of Soil Temperature and Its Relationship with Air Temperature in Autumn in the Hinterland of the Guerbantonggute Desert [J]. J4, 2011, 29(4): 433-438.
[10]	BI Xiao-Ling, DING Chun-Lan. Analysis ofRelations Between SoilTemperature and W interW heatGrowth Period in Gansu Loess Plateau [J]. J4, 2009, 27(2): 148-151.