Abstract:

Based on the meteorological observations, the microclimate ofMogao Grottoeswas analyzed from different temporal and spatial scales. Results show that the environment factors such as land form, water system and vegetation have some important influence on the microclimate there. The small landform structure ofMogao Grottoes and itswater system have obvious influence on the wind speed,humidity, temperature and solar radiation. Comparing the monthlymean values ofmeteorological factors in the front and on the roof of Mogao Grottoes from Ap ril to December of 2005, the solor radiation, surface temperature and wind speed decreased 411. 21MJ /m2 , 2.7 ℃ and 3. 7 m / s, respectively, and the relative humidity increased 9% , the monthly mean temperature range in the front ofMogao Grottoes was 0. 9 ℃ less than that of Gobi. But for air temperature, itwas chiefly controlled by large scale factors. The air temperature daily rang ofMogao Grottoeswas 4. 8 ℃ less than that of Dunhuang in 2004. It’s discovered that the environment elements ofMogao Grottoes formed more stable microclimate, and the stable microclimate was highly advantageous to the Mogao Grottoes cultural relicp reservation. Itwas the main reason whyMogao Grottoes had been standing there for thousands years.

Key words: microclimate, water system, landform structure, contrast analysis

摘要：

应用不同时空尺度对莫高窟的小气候进行对比分析,发现莫高窟的地形地貌、水系统、植被等环境因子对其小气候有重要影响。莫高窟的小地形结构和水系统对其风速、湿度、太阳辐射等有显著影响。2005年4～12月窟前与窟顶月平均相比,太阳辐射总量降低411. 21MJ /m2 ,地表温度降低2. 7℃,相对湿度增大9% ,风速降低3. 7 m / s。窟前月较差小于戈壁0. 9 ℃。但对于气温而言,主要受较大尺度因素的控制,窟前、窟顶、戈壁均处于同一温度层。2004年莫高窟日较差比敦煌小4. 8 ℃。莫高窟的环境因子使莫高窟周边形成了更为稳定的小气候,非常有利于文物保护,这也是千年莫高窟保存至今的一个重要原因。

关键词: 小气候, 水系统, 地形地貌, 对比分析