Microclimate characteristics of vineyards in east foothills region of Helan Mountain in Ningxia

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2022)-02-0284

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the meteorological data of 8 sets of microclimate monitoring stations in the grape producing area in east foothills region of Helan Mountain and Yinchuan national reference station in 2019, the climate difference between Yinchuan station and the representative station was compared and analyzed, and the vertical changes of meteorological elements at Meiyu Winery were analyzed. The microclimate differences at four wineries in the same climate zone and five sub-regions in different climate zones were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) Meteorological elements at Meiyu Winery and Yinchuan station in the same region were significantly different. (2) The 10 cm soil temperature fluctuated most and 40 cm soil temperature was most stable on a typical sunny day. The daily average soil temperature on a typical sunny day in autumn and winter increased in the order of 10 cm<20 cm<40 cm, and it decreased in the order of 10 cm>20 cm>40 cm in spring and summer. There was no significant difference of relative humidity in each month, growing seasons and the whole year between 50 cm and 150 cm height. (3) In the same climatic zone, the microclimate was greatly affected by topography, altitude and soil type. The higher the gravel content was, the higher the temperature was; the higher the altitude was, the lower the humidity and the greater the wind speed were. precipitation during the growing season was most at Liushi Winery with a lower altitude in front of the mountain, and it was least at Hennessy Winery. (4) The precipitation, air relative humidity and photosynthetic active radiation gradually decreased, and the temperature gradually increased from south to north in five small winery regions in east foothills region of Helan Mountain.

Key words: Ningxia, in east foothills region of Helan Mountain, vineyard, microclimate characteristics, growing season

摘要：

利用贺兰山东麓葡萄产区2019年8套小气候站和银川国家基准站(简称“银川站”)气象资料,对比分析银川站与葡萄园小气候代表站美域酒庄气候差异,以及美域酒庄气象要素垂直变化、同一气候区4个酒庄和5个子产区酒庄小气候差异。结果表明:(1)美域酒庄与同区域银川站各气象要素均存在差异。(2)在典型晴天10 cm地温日波动最大,40 cm最平稳,日平均地温秋、冬季典型晴天表现为10 cm<20 cm<40 cm,春、夏季典型晴天表现为10 cm>20 cm>40 cm。月、生长季和年平均50、150 cm两高度空气相对湿度差异不明显。(3)同一气候区,4个酒庄小气候受地势、海拔和土壤类型影响较大。砾石含量越高,气温越高;海拔越高,相对湿度越小、风速越大;处于山前海拔较低的留世酒庄生长季降水最多,轩尼诗酒庄降水最少。(4)5个子产区酒庄由南至北降水、空气相对湿度和光合有效辐射逐渐减小,气温逐渐升高。

关键词: 宁夏, 贺兰山东麓, 葡萄园, 小气候特征, 生长季

CLC Number:

P463.2

LI Fanghong, ZHANG Xiaoyu, FENG Rui, CHEN Renwei, ZHANG Yahong, WEI Jianguo. Microclimate characteristics of vineyards in east foothills region of Helan Mountain in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2022, 40(2): 284-295.

李芳红, 张晓煜, 冯蕊, 陈仁伟, 张亚红, 卫建国. 宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄园小气候特征[J]. 干旱气象, 2022, 40(2): 284-295.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1 Location distribution of meteorology station and microclimate stations in eastern foothills region of Helan Mountain

Tab.1 Production area and geographic information of each winery

站点编号	酒庄	所在产区	海拔/m	经度/°E	纬度/°N
1	美域酒庄	银川产区	1178	106°00'52″	38°37'33″
2	留世酒庄	银川产区	1134	106°01'10″	38°30'03″
3	轩尼诗酒庄	银川产区	1227	106°01'12″	38°19'30″
4	玉泉国际酒庄	玉泉营产区	1140	105°59'24″	38°11'05″
5	长城云漠酒庄	银川产区	1230	105°56'17″	38°22'34″
6	贺东庄园	石嘴山产区	1108	106°18'40″	38°59'12″
7	东方裕兴酒庄	红寺堡产区	1388	106°05'22″	37°19'20″
8	御马酒庄	青铜峡产区	1176	105°52'48″	38°05'40″

Tab.2 Discrimination criteria of sunny days

月份	晴天
1、4	SS≥7.0且R≤2.0
7	SS≥8.0且R≤2.0
10	SS≥9.0且R≤2.0

Fig.2 Comparison of monthly average temperature (a), 10 cm soil temperature (b), wind speed (c) and air relative humidity (d),monthly precipitation (e) and monthly precipitation days (f) between Yinchuan station and Meiyu Winery in 2019

Tab.3 Each meteorological element between Yinchuan station and Meiyu Winery in 2019 and its growth season

时间	站点	最高气温/ ℃	最低气温/ ℃	平均气温/ ℃	平均空气相对湿度/%	降水量/ mm	降水日数/ d	平均 10 cm 地温/℃	平均风速/ (m·s^-1)
2019年	美域酒庄	37.1	-17.0	10.8	42.6	186.2	56	12.2	2.2
	银川站	36.7	-15.7	10.9	47.6	145.5	51	13.9	1.6
生长季	美域酒庄	35.9	6.0	18.7	44.7	171.5	47	20.0	2.1
	银川站	36.7	6.5	18.7	50.9	140.4	45	22.9	1.6

Fig.3 Comparison of the maximum (a), minimum (b) and average (c) temperatures on a typical sunny day in four seasons between Meiyu Winery and Yinchuan station in 2019

Fig.4 Comparison of the maximum (a), minimum (b) and average (c) 150 cm air relative humidity on a typical sunny day in four seasons between Meiyu Winery and Yinchuan station in 2019

Fig.5 The comparison of the maximum (a), minimum (b) and average (c) 10 cm soil temperature on a typical sunny day in four seasons between Meiyu Winery and Yinchuan station in 2019

Fig.6 The variation of monthly average relative humidity at different heights at Meiyu Winery in 2019

Tab.4 Average values of meteorology elements at Meiyu Winery in 2019 and its growth season

时段	空气相对湿度/%		地温/℃
时段	50 cm	150 cm	10 cm	20 cm	40 cm
2019年	43.1	42.6	12.2	12.4	12.4
生长季	45.3	44.7	20	19.8	19.2

Fig.7 The diurnal variation of air relative humidity at different altitudes at Meiyu Winery on a typical sunny day in winter (a), spring (b), summer (c) and autumn (d) of 2019

Fig.8 The variation of monthly average soil temperature at different depthes at Meiyu Winery in 2019

Fig.9 The diurnal variation of soil temperature at different depths at Meiyu Winery on a typical sunny day in winter (a), spring (b), summer (c) and autumn (d) of 2019

Fig.10 Altitude of each winery in the same climate zone

Fig.11 The variation of monthly average temperature (a), 150 cm air relative humidity (b) and wind speed (c), monthly precipitation (d) and precipitation days (e) at each winery in the same climate zone in 2019

Tab.5 The meteorological elements of each winery in the same climate zone in 2019 and its growth season

时间	酒庄	平均气温/ ℃	平均空气相对湿度/%	降水量/ mm	降水日数/ d	平均风速/ (m·s^-1)
2019年	中粮长城云漠酒庄	11.3	40.3	135.5	43	2.5
	轩尼诗酒庄	10.9	44.5	39.5	47	1.9
	玉泉国际酒庄	10.2	46.9	126.2	45	1.8
	留世酒庄	10.1	46.0	151.8	43	1.7
生长季	中粮长城云漠酒庄	19.2	42.9	134.9	39	2.6
	轩尼诗酒庄	18.8	48.6	38.5	43	1.8
	玉泉国际酒庄	18.3	51.4	125.8	41	1.8
	留世酒庄	18.4	49.6	151.4	41	1.6

Fig.12 The diurnal variation of air temperature on a typical sunny day in winter (a), spring (b), summer (c) and autumn (d) of 2019 at four wineries in the same climate zone

Fig.13 The diurnal variation of 150 cm air relative humidity on a typical sunny day in winter (a), spring (b), summer (c) and autumn (d) of 2019 at four wineries in the same climate zone

Fig.14 The diurnal variation of average wind speed on a typical sunny day in winter (a), spring (b), summer (c) and autumn (d) of 2019 at four wineries in the same climate zone

Fig.15 The average temperature (a), 150 cm air relative humidity (b), precipitation amount (c) and average photosynthetically active radiation (d) in January, July and growing season in 2019 in different climate regions

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