Climatic characteristics of hail in Guizhou from 1961 to 2020

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639（2022）-06-1024

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the hail weather observation data of 84 surface meteorological observation stations in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2020, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of hail are analyzed, the features of hail weather such as regularity of the occurrence dates of the first and last hail, hail diameter and duration of a hail are explored further. Finally, suggestions for artificial hail prevention are proposed. The results show that the spatial distribution of annual average hail days in Guizhou was uneven, there was a regional difference which is the annual average hail days is more in west than in east and the annual average hail days is more in central than in north and south. Hail days decreased significantly （P<0.01） in the past 60 years. The frequent months of hail in Guizhou is from February to May, accounting for 85.0% of the annual hail days, the frequent period of hail is from 14:00 BST to 02:00 BST of the next day. In past 60 years, the average time of the first hail in Guizhou starts from east to west from late February to mid May, and the last hail ends from east to west from late March to late July. The occurrence frequency of middle-diameter hail accounts for 68.9%, and the duration of a hail is mainly concentrated within 10 minutes. Due to the obvious regional differences in seasonal and diurnal variation, and the occurrence dates of the first and last hail, local hail regularity should be fully mastered when carrying out hail prevention, and various artificial hail prevention work should be arranged reasonably.

Key words: hail, temporal and spatial distribution, characteristics of hail weather, suggestions for hail prevention

摘要：

基于1961—2020年贵州省84个地面气象观测站的冰雹天气观测资料，分析贵州冰雹的时空分布特征，并对首末次降雹时间、冰雹直径、持续时间等开展讨论，最后提出人工防雹的建议。结果表明，贵州年平均冰雹日数空间分布不均，呈现西多东少、中部多南北少的特征；近60 a冰雹日数呈显著（P<0.01）减少趋势；每年2—5月是贵州降雹频发月份，占全年雹日的85.0%；雹日中14：00至次日02：00是降雹的多发时段；近60 a贵州冰雹首次出现的平均时间从2月下旬至5月中旬自东向西推进，而末次出现平均时间从3月下旬至7月下旬自东向西依次结束；冰雹直径以中冰雹出现的频率最大达68.9%，一次冰雹的持续时间主要集中在10 min以内。因月季变化、日变化、首末次冰雹出现时间均存在明显地域差异，各地开展防雹工作时应充分掌握本地的冰雹规律，合理安排人工防雹各项工作。

关键词: 冰雹, 时空分布, 冰雹天气特点, 防雹建议

CLC Number:

P426.64

LUO Xiping, LIAO Bo, ZHANG Xiaojuan, CUI Lei, LUO Xiong. Climatic characteristics of hail in Guizhou from 1961 to 2020[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2022, 40(6): 1024-1032.

罗喜平, 廖波, 张小娟, 崔蕾, 罗雄. 1961—2020年贵州冰雹气候特征[J]. 干旱气象, 2022, 40(6): 1024-1032.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Geographical division of Guizhou Province and distribution of 84 meteorological observation stations

Fig.2 The spatial distribution of annual average hail days in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2020 （Unit： d）

Fig.3 The altitude of surface meteorological observation stations and the annual average hail days in Guizhou Province （The serial number of stations increase with decreasing altitude）

Fig.4 Spatial distribution of average hail days in four seasons in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2020 （Unit： d）（a） spring，（b） summer，（c） autumn，（d） winter

Fig.5 Inter-annual variation of hail days in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2020

Fig.6 The climate tendency rate of hail days in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2020 （Unit： d·（10 a）-1）

Fig.7 Monthly distribution of percentage of hail days in Guizhou Province and five sub regions from 1961 to 2020

Fig.8 Diurnal variation of hail frequency in Guizhou from 1961 to 2020

Fig.9 The inter-annual distribution of local hail and systematic hail days in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2020

Fig.10 The spatial distribution of the average appearance time of the first （a） and last （b） hail in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2020

Fig.11 Occurrence frequency （a） and monthly distribution of occurrence times（b） of hail with different diameter at 19 national meteorological observation stations in Guizhou from 1961 to 2020

Fig. 12 Frequency distribution of duration of a hail in Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2020

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