Abstract:

Based on the monthly extreme maximum high and minimum low temperature of 603 weather stations from 1983 to 2012 in the mainland of China, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of annual extreme temperature were studied by using Mann-Kendall test and Kriging interpolation and space hot (cold) point analysis methods. The results showed that the annual extreme high temperature gradually increased with decrease in latitude and altitude from southwest and northeast to middle, while the annual extreme low temperature gradually increased with decrease in latitude and altitude from northwest to southeast in the mainland of China. The annual extreme high and low temperature showed obvious warming trends during 1983-2012 as a whole, the average increasing rates were 0.43, 0.25 ℃·(10 a)-1, respectively, and there were significant hot and cold point areas in the mainland of China, which indicated the regional differences of annual extreme high and low temperature change were significant during 1983-2012. The hot point areas of annual extreme high temperature mainly located in the central and northeast of China, and the cold point areas located in the south of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Hengduan Mountains and the side slopes of Tianshan Mountains. However, the hot point areas of annual extreme low temperature mainly located in the central and eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to southwestern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and North China, and the cold point areas located in the north of Tarim Basin, Badan Jaran desert and Tengger desert. The annual average extreme low temperature on 10-year scale during 1983-2012 in seven natural regions of China continued to warm, while the average extreme high temperature changed in phases in certain areas of China, but the warming amplitudes of them in the previous period were significantly greater than that at the late stage (except for the annual extreme low temperature in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and annual extreme high temperature in the subtropical moist area of the Central and South China). The most significant warmings areas of anuual extreme high and low temperature were the temperature steppe of Inner Mongolia and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the past 30 years.

Key words: annual extreme temperature, change trend, hot (cold) point analysis, GIS, mainland of China

摘要：

为了解中国大陆极端气温时空变化规律，利用中国大陆603个气象观测站1983—2012年逐月极端最高（低）温资料，运用Mann-Kendall非参数趋势检验和GIS平台的空间Kriging插值、空间热（冷）点分析等方法，研究近30 a中国大陆年极端气温时空变化特征。结果表明：中国大陆年极端高温整体表现为由西南、东北两端向中间随纬度、高度减少而逐渐升高的空间分布特征，而年极端低温则为由东南向西北随纬度、高度增加而降低的空间分布特征。1983—2012年，年极端高、低温整体均呈明显增温趋势，平均增温率分别为0.43、0.25 ℃·(10 a)-1，且有显著的热（冷）点区域，表明年极端高、低温变化有显著的区域性差异；中国大陆7个自然地理单元10 a尺度的年极端低温变化均呈现持续升温态势，而年极端高温部分地区表现为阶段性变化，但二者前期升温均较后期显著（青藏高原区年极端低温、华中及华南亚热带湿润区年极端高温除外），且近30 a年极端低温升温最显著的是青藏高原区，而年极端高温升温最显著的是内蒙古温带草原区。

关键词: 年极端气温, 变化趋势, 热（冷）点分析, GIS, 中国大陆