干旱气象

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

1961—2010年中国北方沙尘源区沙尘强度时空分布特征及变化趋势

  

  1. 兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 出版日期:2016-12-30 发布日期:2016-12-30
  • 作者简介:元天刚,男,主要从事沙尘地面观测和数值模拟研究.
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(41405003)资助

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Change Trends of Dust Intensity in Dust Source Regions of Northern China During 1961-2010

  1. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Online:2016-12-30 Published:2016-12-30

摘要:

利用1961—2010年我国北方沙尘源区134个地面气象站沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘发生频率逐月资料,结合定义的沙尘指数,系统地分析了中国北方7大主要沙尘源区沙尘强度的时空分布特征及变化趋势。结果表明:西部的塔克拉玛干沙漠沙尘强度最高,多年平均沙尘指数高达235,其次是中部的阿拉善高原和鄂尔多斯高原沙漠群(182),东北部的呼伦贝尔沙地沙尘强度最小,多年平均沙尘指数仅为23。总体来看,近50 a来中国沙尘源区的沙尘强度呈明显减小趋势,沙尘指数在1972、1987和2000年出现突变。其中,中部的阿拉善高原和鄂尔多斯高原沙漠群沙尘强度减小趋势最为显著(-6.3 a-1),其次是西部的塔克拉玛干沙漠(-5.9 a-1)。EOF分析结果表明,中国北方沙尘源区各地的沙尘强度整体变化一致,塔克拉玛干沙漠、阿拉善高原和鄂尔多斯高原沙漠群是沙尘强度变化中心;在此基础上,东西部地区的沙尘强度呈明显的反相变化;此外,中国北方沙尘源区的沙尘强度在1980年代后期发生显著变化,沙尘指数至今处于较低值。

关键词: 沙尘指数, 时空分布, 年际变化趋势, 塔克拉玛干沙漠, 阿拉善高原与鄂尔多斯沙漠群

Abstract:

Based on the monthly dust days data of dust storm, floating dust and blowing dust at 134 surface weather stations in dust source regions of Northern China during 1961-2010, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and variation trends of dust intensity in seven major dust source regions of China were systematically analyzed by using the dust index (DI). The results showed that the dust intensity in Taklimakan Desert was the highest, with annual mean DI of 235, and then followed by Alashan Plateau and Ordos Plateau deserts, with annual mean DI of 182, while the least of dust intensity appeared in Hulunbeier Sand-land in northeast China, DI was only 23. In general, the dust intensity in seven dust source regions of Northern China decreased obviously in recent 50 years, and the mutation of DI occurred in 1972, 1987 and 2000, respectively. Especially, the dust intensity in Alashan Plateau and Ordos Plateau desert region and Taklimakan Desert decreased significantly during 1961-2010, and the change rates of DI were -6.3 a-1 and -5.9 a-1, respectively. Meanwhile, EOF results showed that the change trends of DI in Northern China were consistent as a whole, and that in western China was opposite to eastern China, the higher change centers located in Taklimakan Desert and Alashan Plateau and Ordos Plateau region. Besides, the dust intensity in Northern China had changed significantly in the later 1980s, and so far DI has been still in a lower value.

Key words: dust index, temporal and spatial distribution, seasonal and annual variation, Taklimakan Desert, Alashan Plateau and Ordos Plateau deserts

中图分类号: