干旱气象 ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 759-765.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2021)-05-0759

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

海南省冬季暴雨时空分布及环流异常特征

杨薇1,2(),冯文1,2,曾丽3,陈有龙1,2()   

  1. 1.海南省气象台,海南 海口 570203
    2.海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海南 海口 570203
    3.中国酒泉卫星发射中心,甘肃 酒泉 732750
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-07 修回日期:2021-04-12 出版日期:2021-10-30 发布日期:2021-11-08
  • 通讯作者: 陈有龙
  • 作者简介:杨薇(1986— ),女,贵州瓮安人,工程师,主要从事中小尺度数值模拟研究. E-mail: ywvirl@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局预报员专项项目(CMAYBY2016-057);海南省气象局海洋气象科技创新团队

Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Anomalous Circulation Characteristics of Winter Rainstorms in Hainan Province

YANG Wei1,2(),FENG Wen1,2,ZENG Li3,CHEN Youlong1,2()   

  1. 1. Hainan Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Haikou 570203, China
    2. Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China
    3. China Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, Jiuquan 732750, Gansu, China
  • Received:2020-12-07 Revised:2021-04-12 Online:2021-10-30 Published:2021-11-08
  • Contact: Youlong CHEN

摘要:

利用1951—2016年海南岛18个气象观测站逐日降水资料以及NCEP逐6 h再分析资料,统计分析海南岛冬季暴雨的时空特征,并以2008年12月27—28日和2013年12月14—15日两次冬季持续性暴雨过程为例,分析海南岛冬季暴雨的主要影响系统及其环流异常特征。结果表明:(1)近66 a来,海南岛冬季暴雨多发生在初冬(12月),且具有明显的年际及年代际变化特征,2000年以后冬季暴雨出现频繁;(2)海南岛冬季暴雨日数和雨量均自西向东逐渐递增,其中心均位于东南部的万宁地区;(3)典型冬季暴雨过程中,海南岛位于南支槽前、冷高压底后部,低层有偏东风急流维持,南支槽较常年偏强偏南,冷空气势力偏弱,加强的槽前扰动使得海南上空西南风异常增强,且出现了较强的水汽通量散度负异常(尤其是海南岛东部为负异常大值区),为海南冬季暴雨的发生提供水汽和扰动。

关键词: 冬季暴雨, 时空分布, 天气系统, 环流异常, 海南岛

Abstract:

Based on daily precipitation data at eighteen meteorological stations of Hainan Island, and 6-hour NCEP reanalysis data in winter from 1951 to 2016, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of winter rainstorms in Hainan Island were analyzed statistically. And the main influencing synoptic systems and anomalous circulation characteristics of winter rainstorms were contrastively analyzed, taking two persistent rainstorm processes from 27 to 28 December 2008 and 14 to 15 December 2013 in Hainan Island as examples. The results are as follows: (1) The winter rainstorms were easily to occur in the early winter (December) in Hainan Island, and its inter-annual and inter-decadal variation characteristics were obvious during 1951-2016, the winter rainstorms were frequent since 2000. (2) The days and precipitation of winter rainstorms increased gradually from west to east in Hainan Island, and the center of winter rainstorms located in Wanning of southeastern Hainan Island. (3) During the rainstorm processes in winter, Hainan was in front of southern branch trough and the back of the bottom of cold high. The easterly jet maintained in low layer, the southern branch trough was stronger and southward than the normal, and the cold air was weaker. The intensive disturbance in front of southern branch trough was beneficial to the enhancement of southwesterly wind anomaly and the occurrence of negative anomaly of low-level water vapor flux divergence over Hainan Island (especially the big negative anomaly of water vapor flux divergence in the east), which provided water vapor and disturbance transport for winter rainstorms in Hainan.

Key words: winter rainstorm, temporal-spatial distribution, synoptic systems, circulation anomaly, Hainan Island

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