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近33 a山西不同强度和范围雾日的变化特征及其成因

  

  1. 1.山西省气象服务中心,山西 太原 030002;2.山西省气象台,山西 太原 030006
  • 收稿日期:2014-06-30 出版日期:2015-04-30 发布日期:2014-08-21
  • 作者简介:李苗(1984-),女,山西太原人,助理工程师,主要从事公共气象服务研究. E-mail:xebb-yedd@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    山西省科技攻关项目“基于GIS的极端气象灾害预警与评估集成系统”、中国气象局预报员专项“2013年7月山西暴雨过程的对比分析”、中国气象局气象关键技术集成应用项目“山西省中尺度天气分析业务建设”共同资助

Variation Characteristics of Fog Days with Different Intensity Ranges and Its Causes in Shanxi in Recent 33 Years

  1. 1. Shanxi Meteorological Service Center, Taiyuan 030002, China;
    2. Shanxi Meteorological Observatory, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • Received:2014-06-30 Online:2015-04-30 Published:2014-08-21

摘要:

利用1980~2012年山西108站雾观测资料,研究山西不同范围和不同强度雾日的时空分布及变化趋势,在此基础上基于统计分析方法,分析了风力、降水、平均相对湿度等条件的变化对雾日增减趋势的影响。结果表明:(1)山西不同强度雾日都具有西北向东南递增的空间分布特征,长治、晋城、晋中东山以及忻州东部是山西不同强度雾日的多发区;(2)小范围和区域性的雾一年四季均可出现,大范围的雾则主要出现在秋季和初冬季节。大雾一年四季均可出现,浓雾以上天气有显著的季节性变化,强浓雾和特强浓雾主要出现在9~12月,其中以11月为最多;(3)近33 a间,小范围、区域性以及大范围的雾日分别以1.16 d/10 a、0.76 d/10 a和0.61 d/10 a的速率增多。大雾、浓雾和特强浓雾分别以0.36 d/10 a、0.13 d/10 a和0.23 d/10 a的速率增多,强浓雾则以-0.07 d/10 a的速率减少;(4)风速<3 m·s-1时,风日数与雾日数为正相关,风速≥5 m·s-1时,风日数与雾日的增减转为反相关,其中对雾日增减趋势影响最明显的是风速≥12 m·s-1的日数;(5)雾日的空间分布与相对湿度的空间分布呈正相关,与大风日的空间分布呈反相关;(6)区域性和大范围的年降水日和日平均相对湿度≥80%日数的增减对年雾日的增减变化影响最显著。

关键词: 不同强度雾天气, 不同范围雾天气, 气候特征, 影响因子

Abstract:

Based on the fog observation data of 108 stations in Shanxi Province during 1980-2012, the spatial and temporal distribution and climate trend of fog days with different intensity and range were analyzed. And on this basis the effects of the change of wind force, precipitation and average relative humidity on variation of fog days were studied by using the statistics method. Results are as follows:(1)The fog days with different intensity in Shanxi increased gradually from northwest to southeast, and that in Changzhi, Jincheng, Jinzhong Dongshan and eastern Xinzhou were more. (2)The local and regional fog weather could appear in all seasons, while wide-range fog mainly occurred in autumn and early winter. The thick fog weather could appear in all seasons, the dense fog weather and above had significant seasonal variations, and strong dense fog and zero-zero fog appeared frequently from September to December, especially in November. (3)The local, regional and wide-range fog days increased in the past 33 years, and the climate tendency rate were 1.16 d/10 a, 0.76 d/10 a and 0.61 d/10 a, respectively. The annual days of thick fog, dense fog and zero-zero fog increased slightly, and the climate tendency rates were respectively 0.36 d/10 a, 0.13 d/10 a and 0.23 d/10 a, while that of strong dense fog decreased at rate of -0.07 d/10 a during 1980-2012. (4)The correlation between wind days and fog days was  positive when wind speed was less than 3 m/s, while it was negative when that was greater than 5 m/s, and the effect of wind days with wind speed more than 12 m/s on fog days was the most significant. (5)The spatial distributions of fog days had a positive correlation with that of relative humidity, while the correlation with that of gale days was negative. (6)The changes of regional and wide-range annual rainfall days and annual relative humidity days with more than 80% affected prominently on annual fog days.

Key words: different intensity fog, different range fog, climate characteristic, impact factor

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