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邢台市气温日较差的变化

杨允凌孙东磊杨丽娜钱瑞贞   

  1. 河北省邢台市气象局,河北 邢台 054000
  • 出版日期:2013-12-14 发布日期:2013-12-14
  • 作者简介:杨允凌(1968 - ),女,高级工程师,主要从事气象预报服务研究. E - mail:xtyangyunling@126. com
  • 基金资助:

    河北省气象局科研项目(11KY40)和邢台市科技支撑计划项目(201032011)共同资助

Analysis on Variation Characteristics of Diurnal Temperature Range in Xingtai of Hebei Province

YANG YunlingSUN DongleiYANG LinaQIAN Ruizhen   

  1. Xingtai Meteorological Service of Heibei Province,Xingtai 054000,China
  • Online:2013-12-14 Published:2013-12-14

摘要:

利用 1954 ~2011 年邢台市逐日平均气温、最高气温和最低气温资料,对邢台市气温日较差的变化特征及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明:(1)近 58 a 来,邢台市年平均气温日较差为 10. 9 ℃,呈明显下降趋势,变化速率为 -0. 683 ℃ /10a;四季平均气温日较差中,春季最大,夏季最小,且均呈下降趋势,其中冬季下降幅度最大,夏季最小; 1 ~12 月气温日较差中,5 月最大,8 月最小,均呈显著下降趋势,1 月气温日较差下降幅度最大。(2) 年气温日较差在近 58 a 存在 15 a 的低频振荡周期和4 ~7 a 的高频振荡周期,并在 1972、1981、1995 年发生突变,在突变点前后,年平均气温日较差均表现为增加和减少趋势,且年气温日较差在突变年呈阶梯下降趋势。(3)最低、最高气温非对称的变化是气温日较差下降的直接原因。另外,年气温日较差与日照时数和平均风速呈显著正相关,与总云量、水汽压呈显著负相关,与降水量几乎不相关。邢台市气温日较差显著减小,对各类作物的产量、品质有不利影响,但冬季气温日较差的下降减少了果树冻害发生。

关键词: 气温日较差, 变化特征, 影响因素, 邢台

Abstract:

Based on the daily average temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature data in Xingtai,Hebei province
from 1954 to 2011,the variation characteristics of diurnal temperature range and its impact factors were analyzed. The results show:
(1)The annual diurnal temperature range in Xingtai had obvious decrease trend with inclining rate of -0. 683 ℃ /10 a in recent 58
years,and the average value of diurnal temperature range was 10. 9 ℃. In four seasons,the diurnal temperature range in spring was
the largest and the smallest in summer. The diurnal temperature range in all seasons decreased clearly during 1954 - 2011,and the
maximum declining rate was in winter and minimum in summer. The maximum monthly diurnal temperature range was in May and min-
imum in August,and in each month the decline trend was significant,but the maximum declining range was in January. (2)There
were 15 years and 4 to 7 years oscillations period for the annual diurnal temperature range in the past 58 years. The mutations of the
annual diurnal temperature range occurred in 1972,1981 and 1995. The annual diurnal temperature range firstly increased,then de-
creased around the mutation points,and decreased in steps at the mutation points. (3) The decline of diurnal temperature range was as-
sociated with the asymmetric variation of the minimum and maximum temperature. Furthermore,the annual diurnal temperature had
significant positive correlation with sunshine hours and average wind speed and significant negative correlation with total cloud amount
and vapor pressure,but had almost irrelevant with precipitation. (4)The significant decrease of the diurnal temperature range in Xing-
tai would have disadvantage to crop yield and quality,but decrease the freezing injury to fruit trees in winter.

Key words:  diurnal temperature range, Xingtai, variation characteristics, influence factors

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