干旱气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 689-700.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2025-05-0689

• “加州山火与干旱”专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

高温和干旱对美国加利福尼亚州山火的影响

赵斯楠1(), 赵海燕1,2(), 代潭龙3, 李睿4, 邵丽芳5, 张强3   

  1. 1.山西省气候中心,山西 太原 030006
    2.黄河中游水土保持气象保障院士工作站,山西 太原 030006
    3.国家气候中心气候研究开放实验室,北京 100081
    4.山西省朔州市气象局,山西 朔州 036002
    5.河北省气候中心,河北 石家庄 050021
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-12 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2025-11-09
  • 通讯作者: 赵海燕(1980—),女,博士,高级工程师,主要从事生态气象监测评估、极端气候事件等相关研究。E-mail: zhaohaiyan01234@163.com
  • 作者简介:赵斯楠(1998—),女,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事气候与气候变化相关研究。E-mail: 992059012@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    京津冀环境综合治理国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1208305)

Influence of high temperature and drought on wildfires in California, USA

ZHAO Sinan1(), ZHAO Haiyan1,2(), DAI Tanlong3, LI Rui4, SHAO Lifang5, ZHANG Qiang3   

  1. 1. Shanxi Climate Centre, Taiyuan 030006, China
    2. Yellow River Middle Reaches Academician Workstation for Meteorological Support of Soil and Water Conservation, Taiyuan 030006, China
    3. Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081, China
    4. Shuozhou Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province, Shuozhou 036002, Shanxi Province, China
    5. Hebei Climate Centre, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
  • Received:2025-07-12 Revised:2025-08-20 Online:2025-10-31 Published:2025-11-09

摘要:

高温和干旱是山火发生的重要气候驱动因素。本文基于1984—2023年美国加利福尼亚州山火历史矢量数据与多源高分辨率气候数据,对比分析了四季最高气温、最大(最小)饱和水汽压差、降水量及标准化降水蒸散指数的变化趋势及其与森林区过火面积的关系。结果表明,过去40 a山火发生频次和过火面积均呈明显上升趋势,夏季和秋季为主要火灾季节。山火主要集中在地形复杂、植被覆盖丰富的南部横断山脉、西部海岸山脉及北部山脉等区域。气象要素对山火的影响具有显著季节性,其中夏季最高气温、最大和最小饱和水汽压差与过火面积均呈显著正相关,表明高温和大气干燥度的协同作用是驱动山火频发与规模扩大的主要气象因素。随机森林模型的分析结果进一步证实,在主要山火发生的季节,最高气温、最大和最小饱和水汽压差均具有主导作用。

关键词: 加利福尼亚州, 山火, 干旱, 饱和水汽压差, 标准化降水蒸散指数, 气候变化

Abstract:

High temperature and drought are key climatic drivers of wildfires. Based on historical wildfire vector data from 1984 to 2023 and multi-source high-resolution climate datasets in California, USA, this study comparatively analyzes the seasonal trends of maximum temperature, maximum and minimum vapor pressure deficit, precipitation and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, and their relationships with burned area in forested regions. The results show that both wildfire frequency and burned area have increased significantly over the past four decades, with summer and autumn being the main fire seasons. Wildfire activity is mainly concentrated in topographically complex and densely vegetated regions, such as the southern Transverse Ranges, the western Coast Ranges, and the northern mountainous areas. Meteorological variables exert a pronounced seasonal influence on wildfire activity, among which maximum temperature, maximum and minimum vapor pressure deficit, during summer exhibit significant positive correlations with burned area, indicating that the co-occurrence of high temperature and drought is the primary climatic driver of frequent and large-scale wildfires. Results from the random forest model further confirm that during the main wildfire seasons, maximum temperature together with maximum and minimum vapor pressure deficits play dominant roles in driving wildfire activity.

Key words: California, wildfire, drought, vapor pressure deficit, standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, climate change

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