干旱气象 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 701-712.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2025-05-0701

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于FY-3G的黄河流域内蒙古段一次暴雨云团结构特征分析

张峰1(), 李云鹏2(), 李海燕3, 司瑶冰4   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区人工影响天气中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051
    2.内蒙古自治区气象台,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051
    3.新疆维吾尔自治区气候中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
    4.内蒙古生态与农业气象中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-28 修回日期:2025-05-02 出版日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2025-11-09
  • 通讯作者: 李云鹏(1970—),男,内蒙古商都人,正高级工程师,主要从事卫星遥感和天气动力学分析。E-mail: Lyp5230@163.com
  • 作者简介:张峰(1987—),男,内蒙古呼和浩特市人,工程师,主要从事卫星遥感研究。E-mail: 523724385@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS04020)

Structural characteristics of a rainstorm cloud cluster over the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin based on FY-3G satellite data

ZHANG Feng1(), LI Yunpeng2(), LI Haiyan3, SI Yaobin4   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Artificial Weather Centre, Hohhot 010051, China
    2. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Weather Station, Hohhot 010051, China
    3. Climate Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830002, China
    4. Inner Mongolia Ecological and Agrometeorological Center, Hohhot 010051, China
  • Received:2024-11-28 Revised:2025-05-02 Online:2025-10-31 Published:2025-11-09

摘要:

暴雨云团的宏微观结构在不同地理环境和环流背景下表现出明显差异。黄河流域内蒙古段地处半干旱区,地形复杂,暴雨突发性强。利用风云三号G星(FY-3G)卫星搭载的降水测量雷达(Precipitation Measurement Radar,PMR)数据,结合欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)的ERA5(ECMWF Reanalysis A5)再分析资料,对2024年8月8日黄河流域内蒙古段暴雨过程的云团三维结构及环流背景进行综合分析。结果表明,暴雨发生在副热带高压与西风槽共同作用的环流背景下,700 hPa低空急流、明显的垂直风切变以及暖湿气流的强上升运动为暴雨形成提供有力动力条件。降水云系中同时存在层状云与对流云,对流云的平均粒子数浓度、有效粒子直径、降水率均高于层状云,且粒子数浓度和有效粒子直径的垂直分布与不稳定能量场高度一致;降水反射率在0 ℃层上下存在高频增强区,对流云在约5 km高度的潜热释放量是层状云的2倍,表明对流云团是此次极端暴雨的主要贡献者,对降水效率和降水强度具有决定性影响。云顶高度自西向东逐渐升高,极端暴雨区的云顶高度及0 ℃层高度的水平分布特征与地形起伏密切相关。

关键词: 风云三号G星, PMR, 黄河流域内蒙古段, 暴雨云团

Abstract:

The macro- and micro-structural characteristics of rainstorm cloud clusters exhibit pronounced variations under different geographical environments and synoptic circulation conditions. The Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin is a semi-arid region characterized by complex topography and highly transient, intense rainstorms. Utilizing Precipitation Measurement Radar (PMR) data from the Fengyun-3G (FY-3G) satellite, combined with ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis version 5) reanalysis data provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the three-dimensional structure of cloud clusters and their circulation background during the rainstorm event on August 8 2024 over the Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia. The results indicate that the rainstorm occurred under the combined influence of a strong subtropical high and a westerly trough, with the 700 hPa low-level jet, pronounced vertical wind shear, and strong ascending motion of warm and moist air providing favorable dynamic conditions for rainfall formation. Both stratiform and convective cloud clusters coexisted in the precipitation system. The convective clouds exhibited higher average particle number concentration, effective particle diameter, and precipitation rate compared with stratiform clouds, and the vertical distributions of particle number concentration and effective diameter corresponded well with the unstable energy field. Enhanced reflectivity zones were observed above and below the 0 ℃ layer, and the latent heat release of convective clouds at approximately 5 km altitude was about twice that of stratiform clouds, indicating that convective cloud clusters were the primary contributors to this extreme rainstorm and played a decisive role in precipitation efficiency and intensity. The cloud-top height of the precipitation system increased gradually from west to east, and the horizontal distributions of cloud-top height and 0 ℃ level height in the extreme rainfall region were closely related to topographic variations.

Key words: FY-3G satellite, PMR, Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin, rainstorm cloud clusters

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