干旱气象 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 900-909.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2024-06-0900

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

山西省两次极端大暴雪过程对比分析

王思慜(), 赵桂香(), 赵瑜, 赵建峰, 申李文   

  1. 山西省气象台,山西 太原 030006
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-23 修回日期:2024-05-11 出版日期:2024-12-31 发布日期:2025-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 赵桂香(1965—),女,硕士,正高级工程师,从事中小尺度数值诊断和灾害性天气预报技术研究。E-mail:liyun0123@126.com
  • 作者简介:王思慜(1985—),女,硕士,高级工程师,从事灾害性天气预报技术研究。E-mail:280105280@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024J011)

Comparative analysis of two extreme snowstorms in Shanxi Province

WANG Simin(), ZHAO Guixiang(), ZHAO Yu, ZHAO Jianfeng, SHEN Liwen   

  1. Shanxi Meteorological Observatory, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • Received:2024-02-23 Revised:2024-05-11 Online:2024-12-31 Published:2025-01-15

摘要:

为加深对极端暴雪的认识,揭示异常影响因子导致极端暴雪的可能性,利用气象观测资料和再分析资料,对2021年2月24日和2月27日至3月1日(分别简称“过程Ⅰ”和“过程Ⅱ”)山西两次大暴雪天气过程的极端性进行对比分析。结果表明:过程Ⅰ是一次对流性暴雪过程,由高原槽、地面倒槽和回流的共同作用引起;强烈的西南暖湿急流在“冷垫”上迅速爬升和对称不稳定共同导致潜在不稳定能量快速释放,造成过程降水范围集中、降雪强度大、持续时间短;过程中,冷空气迅速侵入,降水相态由雨迅速转为雪。过程Ⅱ是以稳定性为主的降雪过程,受高空槽、地面气旋和倒槽共同影响;在系统性冷空气侵入过程中,形成降水范围大、持续时间长的极端暴雪过程;此次降雪过程降水相态变化复杂。两次过程在降水开始前,环流形势、水汽输送机制、不稳定机制和上升运动分布特征存在显著差异。过程期间,局地比湿、700 hPa能量和上升运动均较历史同期异常偏大,这是极端天气出现的重要原因之一。两次过程降水中心均位于降水前6~12 h异常物理量中心的下游,水汽输送和湿层增厚也对降水开始时间有一定指示意义。降水相态的转换与温度的垂直分布和锋面结构密切相关。

关键词: 大暴雪, 极端性, 相态转化, 山西

Abstract:

In order to deepen the understanding of extreme snowfall and reveal the possibility of anomalous influencing factors leading to extreme snowfall events, the extremes of two major snowfall weather processes in Shanxi Province on February 24, 2021 and from February 27 to March 1 (referred to as “Process I” and “Process II”, respectively) were analyzed by using the meteorological observations and reanalysis data. The results show that Process Ⅰ was a convective snowfall process, caused by the combined influence of a plateau trough, a surface trough and a return flow. The rapid climb of the strong southwest warm and wet jet on the “cold pad” and the symmetric instability together led to the rapid release of potential unstable energy, resulting in a concentrated precipitation range, a large snowfall intensity and a short duration. During this process, cold air quickly invaded and the precipitation phase changed from rain to snow quickly. Process Ⅱ, on the other hand, was characterized primarily by stability, which was influenced by an upper-level trough, a surface cyclone and an inverted trough. During the systematic invasion of cold air, an extreme snowfall event was formed, with a large area of precipitation and a prolonged duration, and the phase changes during this snowfall process were complex. Significant differences were found in the circulation patterns, moisture transport mechanisms, instability mechanisms, and vertical motion characteristics before the precipitation of two snowfall processes. However, compared to the climatological averages, both processes exhibited anomalously high local relative humidity, 700 hPa energy, and vertical upward motion, which was identified as one of the key reasons for the occurrence of extreme weather. The precipitation centers of both events were located in the downstream of the anomalous physical quantity centers 6 to 12 hours before precipitation, and the moisture transport and the thickening of the moist layer were also provided some indication for the precipitation starting time. Additionally, the transition of precipitation phase was closely related to the vertical distribution of temperature and frontal structure.

Key words: heavy snowfall, extremeness, phase transition, Shanxi

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