干旱气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 314-324.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2026-02-0314

• 技术报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于广义极值分布的京津冀极端降水阈值识别及CMPAS融合降水产品评估

徐义国1,2,3,4(), 王蓉蓉3,4(), 范俊红2,5, 赵增保2,5, 王蕊3,4, 王岚3,4, 赵紫薇3,4   

  1. 1 中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点开放实验室河北 雄安新区 071799
    2 河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室河北 石家庄 050021
    3 保定市生态气象智能监测与服务重点实验室河北 保定 071000
    4 河北省保定市气象局河北 保定 071000
    5 河北省气象局河北 石家庄 050021
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11 修回日期:2026-03-23 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 王蓉蓉(1973—),女,河北保定人,高级工程师,主要从事气候变化研究。E-mail: chengxinweijia@outlook.com
  • 作者简介:徐义国(1986—),男,江西南昌人,高级工程师,主要从事灾害性天气研究。E-mail: chengxinweijia@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    保定市科技局项目(2311ZF001)

Identification of extreme precipitation thresholds in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region using GEV model and evaluation of CMPAS merged precipitation products

XU Yiguo1,2,3,4(), WANG Rongrong3,4(), FAN Junhong2,5, ZHAO Zengbao2,5, WANG Rui3,4, WANG Lan3,4, ZHAO Ziwei3,4   

  1. 1 China Meteorological Administration Xiong’an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key LaboratoryXiong’an New Area 071799Hebei, China
    2 Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang 050021, China
    3 Key Laboratory of Intelligent Monitoring and Service on Ecological Meteorology of BaodingBaoding 071000Hebei, China
    4 Baoding Meteorological Bureau of Hebei ProvinceBaoding 071000Hebei, China
    5 Hebei Meteorological BureauShijiazhuang 050021, China
  • Received:2025-08-11 Revised:2026-03-23 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-05-18

摘要:

近年来,京津冀地区极端降水事件呈增多趋势,科学识别区域极端降水阈值并进一步评估融合降水产品在极端降水监测中的适用性,对区域极端天气监测和降水产品改进具有重要意义。基于京津冀地区172个气象站1985—2024年逐日降水观测资料,采用广义极值分布(Generalized Extreme Value distribution,GEV)模型识别区域极端降水阈值,并筛选2021—2024年极端降水事件,结合中国气象局多源融合降水分析系统(CMA Multi-source Precipitation Analysis System,CMPAS)融合降水产品开展极端降水时空特征及产品性能评估分析。结果表明,83.14%的站点极端降水统计特征保持稳定,北京、石家庄和邢台地区为极端降水阈值高值中心。CMPAS融合降水产品与观测数据在日尺度上高度相关,98.9%的站点相关系数大于0.9,但在强降水条件下存在系统性低估。产品误差呈现明显地形依赖性,高海拔地区精度最高、中海拔地区误差最大。CMPAS融合降水产品逐时数据能较好捕捉极端降水事件的时间演变特征,尤其对午后短时强对流过程响应较为敏感,但对峰值强度仍存在低估。

关键词: 极端降水, 广义极值分布, 中国气象局多源融合降水分析系统, 产品评估, 京津冀地区

Abstract:

Extreme precipitation events in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region have shown an increasing trend. Scientifically identifying regional extreme precipitation thresholds and further evaluating the applicability of merged precipitation products for extreme precipitation monitoring are of great significance for improving regional extreme-weather surveillance and precipitation product development. Using daily precipitation observations from 172 meteorological stations in the BTH region during 1985-2024, the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution was applied to identify regional extreme precipitation thresholds and detect extreme precipitation events from 2021 to 2024. These events were subsequently used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme precipitation and to evaluate the performance of the China Meteorological Administration Multi-source Precipitation Analysis System (CMPAS) merged precipitation product. Results indicate that the statistical characteristics of extreme precipitation remain stable at 83.14% of stations, and the thresholds generally increase from northwest to southeast, with notable high-value centers in Beijing, Shijiazhuang and Xingtai. The CMPAS precipitation estimates show strong consistency with observations at the daily scale, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9 at 98.9% of stations; however, systematic underestimation occurs under heavy precipitation conditions. The errors exhibit a clear terrain dependence, with the highest accuracy observed in high-elevation areas, the largest errors in medium-elevation areas, and intermediate performance in low-elevation areas. Hourly CMPAS data effectively capture the temporal evolution of extreme precipitation events, particularly the development of short-duration convective precipitation in the afternoon, although peak intensity remains underestimated.

Key words: extreme precipitation, generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution, CMA Multi-source Precipitation Analysis System, product evaluation, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region

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