干旱气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 138-148.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2026-01-0138

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

近10 a北京地区10月两次区域性寒潮天气过程对比分析

马玉芳1,2(), 于波2(), 马秀梅3, 郑玲1, 马守存1, 梁依玲2,4, 王佳琳2   

  1. 1.青海省气象服务中心,青海西宁 810001
    2.首都关键区域气象服务保障中心,北京 100000
    3.青海省气象台,青海西宁 810001
    4.广西壮族自治区气象台,广西南宁 530022
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-27 修回日期:2025-11-28 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 于波(1978—),女,吉林通化人,正高级工程师,主要从事天气动力学研究。E-mail:yubo@126.com
  • 作者简介:马玉芳(1981—),女,青海西宁人,高级工程师,主要从事气象预报服务技术研究。E-mail:30962161@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金面上项目(8262020)

Comparative analysis of two regional cold wave weather processes in October over Beijing in the past decade

MA Yufang1,2(), YU Bo2(), MA Xiumei3, ZHENG Ling1, MA Shoucun1, LIANG Yiling2,4, WANG Jialing2   

  1. 1. Qinghai Meteorological Service Center,Xining 810001,China
    2. Meteorological Service Center for the Core Areas of the Capital,Beijing 100000,China
    3. Qinghai Meteorological Observatory,Xining 810001,China
    4. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Meteorological Observatory,Nanning 530022,China
  • Received:2025-06-27 Revised:2025-11-28 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-03-25

摘要:

北京是我国政治、经济、文化和国际交往中心,每年10月重大国事活动密集,寒潮及其伴随天气对活动保障具有重要影响,深入研究其成因机理具有重要意义。基于欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5再分析资料和常规气象观测数据,对2022年10月16—18日(简称寒潮Ⅰ)和2024年10月18—20日(简称寒潮Ⅱ) 北京两次区域性寒潮过程进行对比分析,探讨其环流特征及成因机制。结果表明,两次寒潮均发生在前期气温偏高背景下,寒潮Ⅰ 以大风为主要特征,寒潮Ⅱ以强降温为主并伴随大风和降水;冷平流强度与降温幅度并不同步,晴空弱风条件下非绝热因子对降温的贡献更显著;强冷高压及3 h变压梯度是大风形成的关键动力条件,边界层持续下沉运动与大风强度和持续时间呈正相关。研究结果可为北京地区10月寒潮过程的预报预警及重大活动气象保障提供科学参考。

关键词: 10月寒潮, 爆发机制, 冷平流, 地面冷高压, 北京

Abstract:

Beijing is the political, economic, cultural, and international exchange center of China, where major state events are fre-quently held in October. Cold waves and their associated weather conditions can significantly affect the meteorological support for these events, making it important to investigate their formation mechanisms. Based on ERA5 reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and conventional meteorological observations, this study comparatively analyzes two re-gional cold wave events that occurred in Beijing during 16-18 October 2022 (cold wave I) and 18-20 October 2024 (cold wave II), with a focus on their circulation characteristics and formation mechanisms. The results show that both cold waves developed under the back-ground of relatively high temperatures in the preceding period. The cold wave I was mainly characterized by strong winds, whereas the cold wave II featured more intense cooling accompanied by strong winds and precipitation. The intensity of cold advection was not syn-chronized with the magnitude of temperature decrease, and under clear-sky and weak-wind conditions, diabatic processes contributed more significantly to the temperature drop. A strong surface cold high and the 3-h pressure tendency gradient were the key dynamic fac-tors responsible for the strong winds, while persistent subsidence in the boundary layer showed a positive correlation with both the in-tensity and duration of strong winds. These results provide scientific support for the forecasting and early warning of cold waves in Bei-jing during October and for meteorological services for major events.

Key words: October cold wave, explosive mechanism, cold advection, surface cold high, Beijing

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