干旱气象 ›› 2019, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 447-.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

水分胁迫对扬花期冬小麦光合特性和干物质生产及产量的影响

张继波1,薛晓萍1,李楠1,李鸿怡1,张磊2,宋计平3   

  1. 1.山东省气候中心,山东济南250031;2.山东省临沂市气象局,山东临沂276004;
    3.山东省农业科学院蔬菜与花卉研究所,山东济南250031
  • 出版日期:2019-06-28 发布日期:2019-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 薛晓萍(1964— ),女,山东招远人,博士,正研级高工,硕士生导师,主要从事农业气象服务及研究. E-mail:xxpdhy@163.com。
  • 作者简介:张继波(1987— ),男,山东青州人,硕士,工程师,主要从事农业气象服务及研究. E-mail:zhangjb.196267@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(气象)科研专项“干旱气象科学研究——我国北方干旱致灾过程及机理”(GYHY201506001)及十三五山东重大气象工程项目(鲁发改农经〔2017〕97号)共同资助

 Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Dry Matter Production and Yield of Winter Wheat at Flowering Stage

ZHANG Jibo1, XUE Xiaoping1, LI Nan1, LI Hongyi1, ZHANG Lei2, SONG Jiping3   

  1. 1. Shandong Climate Center, Jinan 250031, China;
    2. Linyi Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China;
    3. Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250031, China
  • Online:2019-06-28 Published:2019-07-01

摘要: 试验于2016—2017年冬小麦生长季在临沂设施农业气象试验站自动控制遮雨棚内的水分控制场进行,以“齐麦2号”为试材,在水分关键期设计5个梯度水分处理(T1适宜水平,T2、T3、T4、T5分别按照冬小麦水分关键期比常年降水量减少20%、50%、75%、100%一次性补水)和1个雨养对照的水分控制试验,模拟研究不同程度干旱胁迫对扬花期冬小麦光合特性、干物质生产及产量的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,扬花期冬小麦叶片叶绿素a含量、光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr),株高、叶面积、地上部分总干重均呈降低趋势,且干旱胁迫越重,降低幅度越大,T5处理叶绿素a含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、株高、叶面积及地上部分总干重分别较T1处理降低33.6%、67.4%、90.9%、84.6%、43.9%、19.1%和33.3%;随着干旱胁迫的加剧,水分利用效率(WUE)则呈先增加后降低的趋势,并在轻度干旱胁迫时达到最高;干旱胁迫促进植株养分向叶、鞘转移,减少对茎、穗的养分供给,不利于冬小麦产量提高,此外,扬花期干旱胁迫还造成冬小麦灌浆速率降低、不孕穗率升高,理论产量大幅降低。

关键词: 扬花期, 冬小麦, 干旱胁迫, 光合特性, 物质生产

Abstract: The effects of drought stress at different levels on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter production and yield of winter wheat at flowering stage were examined in a common garden with rainout shelter during 2016-2017 growing season taking the winter wheat variety ‘Qi Mai 2’ as the test material. The experiment was consisted of five moisture treatments including T1 (an appropriate moisture level) and T2, T3, T4, T5 (one-time replenishment in accordance with the annual precipitation decrease of 20%, 50%, 75% and 100% in the critical period of winter wheat) and one rain-fed contrast test. The results indicate that under drought stress, chlorophyll-a content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), plant height, leaf area and total dry weight of aerial parts of winter wheat showed a decreasing trend at flowering stage, and the more serious the drought stress, the greater the decrease. The content of chlorophyll-a, Pn, Gs and Tr, plant height, leaf area and the total dry weight above ground under T5 treatment were reduced by 33.6%, 67.4%, 90.9%, 84.6%, 43.9%, 19.1% and 33.3%, compared with those of T1 test. With intensification of drought stress, the leaf water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat at flowering stage first increased and then decreased, and reached the highest under light drought stress. Drought stress could promote the transfer of plant nutrients to leaves and sheaths, and reduce nutrient supply to stems and ears, which was detrimental to the increase of winter wheat yield. In addition, drought stress at flowering stage also caused decrease of filling rate and increase of sterile ear rate of winter wheat, which made the theoretical yield of winter wheat reduce.

Key words: flowering stage, winter wheat, drought stress, photosynthetic characteristics, material production

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