干旱气象

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鲁中地区冬小麦水分盈亏及灌溉需水量的时空变化特征

环海军1杨再强2刘岩1夏福华1   

  1. 1.山东省淄博市气象局,山东淄博255048;
    2. 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏南京210044
  • 出版日期:2016-11-01 发布日期:2016-11-01
  • 通讯作者: 杨再强,E-mail: yzq@nuist.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:环海军(1987-),男,汉族,江苏南通人,研究生,工程师,研究方向为农业气象. E-mail:324380521@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    山东省气象局青年科研基金项目“鲁中地区土壤水分变化规律及预报技术研究”(2015SDQN14)资助

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Crop Water Surplus or Deficit and Irrigation Water Requirement for Winter Wheat in  Middle  Shandong Province

HUAN Haijun1, YANG Zaiqiang 2, LIU Yan 1, XIA Fuhua1   

  1. 1. Zibo Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province, Zibo 255048, China;
    2. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  • Online:2016-11-01 Published:2016-11-01

摘要:

利用1980—2014年鲁中地区气象资料和冬小麦生育期资料,采用Penman-Monteith模型和单作物系数计算冬小麦各生育阶段需水量,利用美国农业土壤保持局推荐方法计算有效降水量、水分盈亏指数(CWSDI)和灌溉需水量,对冬小麦不同生育阶段的需水量、有效降水量、水分盈亏指数及灌溉需水量时空变化进行分析。结果表明:近35 a来,鲁中平原地区冬小麦全生育期需水量呈弱的减少趋势,山区呈增加趋势;拔节—乳熟期是需水量最大的阶段,呈减少趋势,强度中心在中部地区。有效降水量全生育期呈减少趋势,拔节—乳熟期呈增加趋势,强度中心在中部地区;除平原地区的越冬期外,其它生育阶段有效降水量呈减少趋势。CWSDI全生育期呈减少趋势,乳熟—成熟期减少幅度最大,自中部向南北两边递减。为满足冬小麦需水要求,全生育期平均灌溉需水量515 mm,呈上升趋势,强度中心在西部地区,拔节—乳熟期是灌溉需水量最大的阶段,呈减少趋势,返青—拔节期是增加趋势最明显的阶段。

关键词: 冬小麦, 需水量与有效降水, 水分盈亏指数, 灌溉需水量

Abstract:

Based on meteorological observations and data of growth period of winter wheat from 1980 to 2014 in the middle area of Shandong Province, the water demand in different growth stages of winter wheat was calculated by Penman-Monteith model and single crop coefficient, and the effective precipitation, crop water surplus deficit index (CWSDI) and irrigation water requirement were calculated by the recommended method of the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Board firstly, then the temporal and spatial characteristics of water demand, effective precipitation, CWSDI and irrigation water requirement in different growth stages of winter wheat were analyzed. The results show that water demand during the whole growth period had a slight shrinking tendency in the plain area but an increasing trend in the mountain area during the recent 35 years. During jointing-milk stage water demand was most and it presented decreasing trend, and the change center was in the middle area. The effective precipitation during the whole growth period had a decreasing trend, while during jointing-milk stage it had an increasing trend, and the change center was in the middle area. Except for over wintering stage in the plain area, it had a decreasing trend during the other stages. The CWSDI during the whole growth period had a decreasing trend, and it had a maximum amplitude during the milk-mature stage. It decreased from the middle to both sides. In order to meet the need of water demand of winter wheat, the averaged total supplementary irrigation amount was 515 mm, and it had an increasing trend and the change center was in the western area. During the jointing-milk stage water requirement was most and it showed a decreasing trend, and there was a significant increasing trend during the returning green-jointing stage.

Key words: winter wheat, water demand and effective precipitation, crop water surplus deficit index, irrigation water requirement

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