干旱气象 ›› 2019, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 392-.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

太原汛期短时强降水环流分型及环境参量分析

周晋红1,赵彩萍1,董春卿2   

  1. 1.山西省太原市气象局,山西太原030082;2.山西省气象台,山西太原030012
  • 出版日期:2019-06-28 发布日期:2019-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 赵彩萍(1963— ),女,山西榆社人,高级工程师,主要从事城市防灾减灾研究工作.E-mail:tyzcp@126.com。
  • 作者简介:周晋红(1968— ),女,山西太原人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事天气预报技术研究. E-mail: zjhlwh@sohu.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局预报员专项“副高影响型下三次暴雨过程的多尺度特征分析”(CMAYBY2018-011)、山西省气象局面上项目“副高型暴雨中短时强降水成因及落区对比分析”(SXKMSTQ20195626)和“太原城市空气污染气象指数研究”(SXKMSFW20195625)共同资助

Circulation Classification and Environmental Parameters Analysis on Short-time Heavy Rainfall in Flood Season in Taiyuan  

ZHOU Jinhong1, ZHAO Caiping1, DONG Chunqing2   

  1. 1. Taiyuan Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030082, China;
    2. Shanxi Meteorological Observatory, Taiyuan 030012, China
  • Online:2019-06-28 Published:2019-07-01

摘要: 应用太原1996—2015年7个国家气象站、2008—2015年63个区域站6—9月逐时降水资料及相关探空、地面观测资料,对太原短时强降水日环流配置进行天气学分型,分析各流型下关键环境参数分布特征。结果表明,太原发生短时强降水的500 hPa环流形势有四种:冷涡型、高空槽型、高空槽加副高型、西北气流型。太原短时强降水常发生在比较温和的对流有效位能(CAPE)环境下,大部分过程CAPE值≤1500 J·kg-1,冷涡型则≤1000 J·kg-1。西北气流型850 hPa与500 hPa温差(ΔT850-500)大,静力不稳定度比其他型更强,且500 hPa有明显的干层存在。高空槽加副高型K指数大,且暖云厚度均值达3576 m,明显大于其他型2471~2608 m的均值。冷涡型全部、高空槽型85%的过程出现在弱0~6 km垂直风切变环境下,而高空槽加副高型、西北气流型0~6 km垂直风切变相对较大,35%以上达到中等强度。冷涡型、西北气流型短时强降水太原上空700 hPa水汽常比850 hPa更充沛。太原超过70 mm·h-1的极端降水出现在西北气流型下,有中等强度的CAPE值、强层结不稳定、弱0~6 km垂直风切变、3550 m以上暖云厚度,中低空水汽充足,这些环境参量的配合对强降水效率有很好的指示意义。

关键词: 太原, 短时强降水, 环流分型, 环境参量分析

Abstract: Based on the hourly precipitation data from June to September of 7 national meteorological stations during 1996-2015 and 63 automatic weather stations during 2008-2015 in Taiyuan, and relative radiosonde and surface observation data, the synoptic patterns of circulation configuration on short-time heavy rainfall days in Taiyuan were classified and the characteristics of key environmental parameters under different patterns were studied. The results show that there were four circulation patterns on 500 hPa during short-time heavy rainfall processes in Taiyuan including cold vortex type, upper trough type, upper trough with subtropical high type and northwest flow type. Short-time heavy rainfalls in Taiyuan always happened under weak CAPE, and in most cases it was less than 1500 J·kg-1, and for all of cold vortex type it was less than 1000 J·kg-1. For northwest flow type, the ΔT850-500 was bigger and there always was stronger static instability and obviously dry layer on 500 hPa. For upper trough with subtropical high type, there always was a higher K index, and mean value of warm cloud thickness was 3576 m, which was significantly thicker than those of the other types. The entire cases of cold vortex type and 85% cases of upper trough type happened under weak vertical wind shear within 0-6 km, 35% cases of upper trough with subtropical high type and northwest flow type occurred under a moderate vertical wind shear condition. Cold vortex type and northwest flow type always had better vapor conditions on 700 hPa than that of 850 hPa. The extreme rainfall more than 70 mm·h-1 occurred under northwest flow type, which had moderate CAPE, strong unstable stratification, weak 0-6 km vertical wind shear, and plenty vapor from low to middle layer with warm cloud thickness more than 3550 m, the cooperation of these environmental parameters had denotative meaning for the strong precipitation efficiency.

Key words: Taiyuan, short-time heavy rainfall, circulation classification, analysis of environmental parameters

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