高寒半干旱地区马铃薯生育期气候因子变化规律及其影响

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639（2015）-06-1024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用青海共和地区2003～2013年连续11 a的马铃薯生育期（4～9月）观测资料和1961～2013年4～9月地面平行观测气象资料，采用气候倾向率、相关分析、积分回归等方法，对共和地区马铃薯生育期主要气候因子的变化规律及其对马铃薯生长的影响进行分析。结果表明，近53 a来青海共和地区马铃薯生育期平均气温、≥0 ℃积温呈极显著上升趋势，降水量、日照时数则表现为不显著下降趋势。热量和日照时数是影响该区马铃薯生长发育的主要气象因子。其中温度对马铃薯产量的影响是出苗前期为正效应，现蕾至开花期为最大正效应，成熟期为最大负效应；降水对其产量的影响是现蕾前期为正效应，现蕾后期至成熟期8月中旬为最大负效应，9月为最大正效应；日照时数对产量的影响是播种期为负效应，现蕾至开花期为正效应，成熟期为最大负效应。

关键词: 马铃薯, 生育期, 气候因子及其影响, 高寒半干旱区

Abstract:

Based on the ecological observational data during growth period (April to September) of potato from 2003 to 2013 and the corresponding period meteorological data from 1961 to 2013 in Gonghe of Qinghai Province, the variation characteristics of climatic factors including temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration and accumulative temperature more than 0 ℃ during growth period of potato from 1961 to 2013 and their effects on potato yield during 2003-2013 were analyzed by using the climatic tendency, correlation analysis and integral regression methods. The results showed that the annual mean temperature and accumulative temperature more than 0 ℃ during growth period of potato in Gonghe of Qinghai increased significantly in the recent 53 years, while the annual precipitation and sunshine duration decreased non-significantly. Heat and light played important role on potato yield, and the effects of temperature on potato yield were positive in the early seedling and budding to flowering stages, especially it was maximum in budding to flowering stage, while that was most negative in maturity period. The precipitation had positive effects on potato yield in the early budding stage and September, particularly in September, while it was most negative effect in the later budding to maturity (mid August) stage. The sunshine hours had negative effects on potato yield in sowing and maturity periods, particularly in maturity period, while it was positive effect in budding to flowering stage.

Key words: potato, growth period, effect, climate factors and their effect, the alpine semiarid zone

中图分类号:

S532
S162.5

赵年武，郭连云，赵恒和. 高寒半干旱地区马铃薯生育期气候因子变化规律及其影响[J]. 干旱气象, DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639（2015）-06-1024.

ZHAO Nianwu, GUO Lianyun，ZHAO Henghe. Variation Characteristics of Climate Factors During Potato Growth Period and Their Effect on Yield in the Alpine Semiarid Zone[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639（2015）-06-1024.

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高寒半干旱地区马铃薯生育期气候因子变化规律及其影响

Variation Characteristics of Climate Factors During Potato Growth Period and Their Effect on Yield in the Alpine Semiarid Zone

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