甘肃陇南市短时强降水时空分布特征及中尺度分析

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2021)-06-0966

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用1960—2019年陇南市9个国家气象站和2008—2019年逐年建成的400个区域气象站4—9月逐时降水资料,同期NCEP FNL 1°×1°再分析资料和MICAPS资料,对陇南市短时强降水时空分布及中尺度特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)陇南市短时强降水发生频次从西北向东南明显增加,雨强大于50 mm·h^-1的短时强降水出现在陇南市东部的成县、徽县和康县。短时强降水与暴雨发生频次东南部偏多,另外陇南市西北山地局部地区短时强降水发生频次较多。(2)1960年以来,陇南市短时强降水发生站次呈缓慢增加趋势,月际变化呈单峰型,8月最多,占短时强降水总站次的37.5%;旬变化呈双峰型,分别出现在7月上旬和8月上旬,且7月下旬至8月中旬最多,占47.2%;日变化具有夜间明显多于白天的特征,存在多个峰值,从15:00开始短时强降水明显增加,集中出现在19:00—23:00,23:00为日峰值,占9.4%。(3)陇南市短时强降水和暴雨有密切联系,对暴雨的贡献率达53.4%。陇南市短时强降水中尺度概念模型主要有低涡切变型、西北气流低槽东移型、副高外围西南气流型。

关键词: 短时强降水, 时空分布, 中尺度, 甘肃陇南

Abstract:

Based on the hourly precipitation data from April to September during 1960-2019 at 9 national meteorological stations and 400 regional meteorological stations built year by year in Longnan of Gansu Province from 2008 to 2019, NCEP FNL 1°×1° reanalysis data and MICAPS data, the spatial-temporal distribution and mesoscale characteristics of short-time heavy precipitation in Longnan of Gansu Province were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The occurrence frequency of short-time heavy precipitation in Longnan became more from the northwest to the southeast, with two relatively concentrated areas. The short-time heavy precipitation with rainfall intensity greater than 50 mm·h^-1 occurred in Cheng county, Hui county and Kang county in the east of Longnan. The occurrence frequencies of short-time heavy precipitation and rainstorm were more in the southeast of Longnan, and for short-time heavy precipitation it was also relatively high in the mountainous areas in the northwest. (2) Since 1960, the stations occurring short-time heavy precipitation in Longnan increased slowly.The monthly variation showed a single-peak type, with the maximum in August and accounting for 37.5% of the total stations occurring short-time heavy precipitation. The ten-day variation presented a double-peak type, with two peaks in early July and early August, respectively. The stations occurring short-time heavy precipitation was the most from late July to mid-August, accounting for 47.2% of the total stations. Diurnal variation showed that there was more short-time heavy precipitation at night than in the day, there were multiple peaks. The stations occurring short-time heavy precipitation increased significantly since 15:00 BST. The diurnal peaks of short-time heavy precipitation occurred at 23:00 BST, accounting for 9.4% of the total stations. (3) The short-time heavy precipitation in Longnan was closely linked to rainstorms. The mesoscale concept modes of short-time heavy precipitation in Longnan mainly showed three types, including low vortex shear, northwest air flow following the trough moving eastward and the southwest air flow beside the sub-tropical high.

Key words: short-time heavy precipitation, spatial-temporal distribution, mesoscale, Longnan of Gansu Province

中图分类号:

P426.6

苏军锋, 张锋, 黄玉霞, 刘丽, 张秋瑜, 魏清霞, 张燕. 甘肃陇南市短时强降水时空分布特征及中尺度分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2021, 39(06): 966-973.

SU Junfeng, ZHANG Feng, HUANG Yuxia, LIU Li, ZHANG Qiuyu, WEI Qingxia, ZHANG Yan. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and mesoscale analysis of short-time heavy precipitation in Longnan of Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2021, 39(06): 966-973.

图/表 7

图1 甘肃省陇南市国家气象站和区域气象站点分布

Fig.1 Distribution of national meteorological stations and regional meteorological stations in Longnan of Gansu Province

图2 1960—2019年4—9月甘肃陇南市短时强降水雨强极值分布(单位:mm·h-1)

Fig.2 Distribution of precipitation intensity extreme value of short-time heavy rainfall processes in Longnan of Gansu Province from April to September during 1960-2019 (Unit: mm·h-1)

图3 1960—2019年4—9月甘肃陇南市短时强降水(a)和暴雨(b)发生频次的空间分布(单位:次)

Fig.3 The distribution of annual occurrence frequency of short-time heavy precipitation (a) and rainstorm (b) in Longnan of Gansu Province from April to September during 1960-2019 (Unit: times)

图4 1960—2019年4—9月甘肃陇南市短时强降水发生站次的年际变化

Fig.4 The inter-annual variation of stations occurring short-time heavy precipitation in Longnan of Gansu Province from April to September during 1960-2019

图5 1960—2019年4—9月甘肃陇南市不同等级短时强降水发生站次的逐月(a)和逐旬(b)变化

Fig.5 Monthly (a) and ten-day (b) variation of stations occurring short-time heavy precipitation with different grades in Longnan of Gansu Province from April to September during 1960-2019

图6 1960—2019年4—9月甘肃陇南市不同等级短时强降水发生站次的日变化

Fig.6 Diurnal variations of stations occurring short-time heavy precipitation with different grades in Longnan of Gansu Province from April to September during 1960-2019

图7 2000—2019年4—9月甘肃陇南市短时强降水中尺度概念模型 (a)低涡切变型,(b)西北气流低槽型,(c)副高外围西南气流型

Fig.7 Mesoscale conceptual models of short-time heavy precipitation in Longnan of Gansu Province from April to September during 2000-2019 (a) the pattern of low vortex shear, (b) the pattern of northwest air flow following the trough moving eastward, (c) the pattern of southwest air flow beside the sub-tropical high

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