干旱气象 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 600-612.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2026-04-0600

• “区域干旱”专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

北方干旱多发带蒸散变化趋势特征预估

李丹华1,3(), 张强2(), 张铁军1, 杨金虎2, 刘紫妍4, 刘青5, 杨景怡1, 黄钰涵1, 刘丽伟1   

  1. 1 甘肃省气候中心甘肃 兰州 730020
    2 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃 兰州 730020
    3 兰州大学资源与环境学院甘肃 兰州 730000
    4 成都信息工程大学四川 成都 610225
    5 国网能源研究院有限公司北京 102209
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-23 修回日期:2026-03-31 出版日期:2026-08-30 发布日期:2026-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 张强(1965—),男,院士,博士生导师,主要从事陆-气相互作用、边界层与干旱研究。E-mail: zhangqiang@cma.gov.cn
  • 作者简介:李丹华(1991—),女,甘肃民乐人,工程师,主要从事气候监测预测和气候变化研究。E-mail: 18093184011@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(42230611);国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(42375039);国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(42575204);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2026J025);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2025J025);甘肃省教育厅创新基金项目(2024B-278);气象灾害防御科普知识校园推广研究项目(25JRZA046);甘肃省气象局人才专项(2627rczx-C-QNYXRC-02);甘肃省气象局重点项目(Zd2026-C-2)

Projection of evapotranspiration trend characteristics in the arid-prone belt of northern China

LI Danhua1,3(), ZHANG Qiang2(), ZHANG Tiejun1, YANG Jinhu2, LIU Ziyan4, LIU Qing5, YANG Jingyi1, HUANG Yuhan1, LIU Liwei1   

  1. 1 Gansu Provincial Climate CenterLanzhou 730020, China
    2 Lanzhou Institute of Arid MeteorologyChina Meteorological AdministrationLanzhou 730020, China
    3 School of Resources and EnvironmentLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, Gansu
    4 Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225, China
    5 State Grid Energy Research Institute Co.Ltd.Beijing 102209, China
  • Received:2025-12-23 Revised:2026-03-31 Online:2026-08-30 Published:2026-09-16

摘要:

蒸散发(Evapotranspiration,ET)作为水循环的关键环节,不仅直接影响土壤墒情、河流径流和地下水补给,还在干旱形成与演变过程中发挥重要作用,在气候变暖背景下,准确预估ET变化对理解区域干旱发生机制、提升抗旱能力具有重要意义。本文基于第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6,CMIP6)多模式输出的蒸散、平均气温和降水量数据,预估未来三种不同排放情景(SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5、SSP5-8.5)下中国北方干旱多发带ET的变化趋势及其影响因素。结果表明:三种排放情景下ET均呈明显增加趋势,变化趋势分别为1.6、2.0、3.7 mm·(10 a)-1;ET的变化趋势对温室气体排放水平表现出显著响应,排放强度越高,ET增幅越显著;ET年内分布夏季最大,春、秋季次之,冬季最小;春季降水量增加最明显,对ET增量贡献较大;不同排放情景下,气温是ET变化的主导驱动因子,降水起次要调控作用,水热因子驱动强度随排放增大而提升,夏季部分时段降水对ET的约束作用减弱,冬春季节ET对气温的响应更为敏感。

关键词: 北方干旱多发带, 蒸散发, 气温, 降水, 预估, 影响因素

Abstract:

As a key component of the water cycle, evapotranspiration (ET) not only directly affects soil moisture, river runoff, and groundwater recharge, but also plays an important role in the formation and evolution of droughts. Against the background of global warming, accurately projecting ET changes is of great significance for understanding the mechanisms of regional drought occurrence and enhancing drought resilience. Based on ET, mean temperature, and precipitation data from multiple models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), this study projects the variation trends of ET and its influencing factors in the arid-prone belt of northern China under three future emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5). The results show that ET exhibits a significant increasing trend under all three emission scenarios, with trend rates of 1.6, 2.0, and 3.7 mm (10 a)-1, respectively. The variation trend of ET shows a significant response to greenhouse gas emission levels, with higher emission intensities leading to more pronounced increases in ET. ET reaches its intra?annual maximum in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and is at its minimum in winter. The precipitation increase is most obvious in spring, and this contributes substantially to the ET increment. Under different emission scenarios, temperature is the dominant driving factor for ET variations, while precipitation plays a secondary regulatory role. The driving intensity of hydrothermal factors increases with rising emission levels. Precipitation constraint on ET weakens during part of summer, and ET in winter and spring is more sensitive to temperature.

Key words: the arid-prone belt of northern China, evapotranspiration, air temperature, precipitation, projection, influencing factors

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