气候过渡区不同生态系统多陆面因子-大气耦合特征

doi:10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639-2025-02-0207

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候过渡区作为“陆-气耦合”热点地区，当前研究多集中于该区域陆-气耦合时空分布及水热条件的影响，缺乏对多因子协同作用及不同生态系统耦合度差异的研究。本文基于站点观测资料，聚焦陆面水、热、生因子与地表通量的耦合关系，对比分析不同生态系统之间单因子和多因子陆-气耦合度差异，评估各陆面因子对耦合度的贡献。结果表明，单因子耦合中，稀疏植被的潜热与叶面积指数耦合强度最强，农田的潜热与土壤温度耦合强度最强；草地、森林和农田的感热与土壤温度耦合最强。多因子耦合度明显优于单因子，多因子与潜热的耦合度在森林和稀疏植被有明显提升，与感热的耦合在稀疏植被明显增强。各因子对地表通量的贡献中，草地感热和潜热分别由热力和生态因子主导；稀疏植被潜热由水分、生态因子共同主导，感热由热力因子主导；农田和森林的潜热和感热由热力因子主导。干旱条件下，水分和生态因子对多数生态系统中潜热和感热的贡献增大。

关键词: 生态系统, 多陆面因子协同作用, 潜热通量, 感热通量, 陆-气耦合

Abstract:

As a hot spot of “land-atmosphere coupling”, the current study focuses on the spatial and temporal distribution of land-atmosphere coupling and the influence of hydrothermal conditions in the climate transition regions, but lacks the study on the synergistic effect of multi-factor and the difference in coupling degree among different ecosystems. Based on the station observation data, the paper focused on the coupling relationship between land surface water, thermal and ecological factors and surface fluxes, comparatively analyzed the differences in single-factor and multi-factor synergistic land-atmosphere coupling among different ecosystems, and assessed the contribution of each land surface factor to the coupling degree. The results show that in single-factor coupling, the coupling between latent heat flux and leaf area index is the strongest for sparse vegetation, and the coupling between latent heat flux and soil temperature is the strongest for farmland; the coupling between sensible heat flux and soil temperature is the strongest for grassland, forest and farmland. Multi-factor synergistic coupling is significantly better than that of single factor, and multi-factor synergistic coupling with latent heat flux is significantly enhanced in forest and sparse vegetation, and synergistic coupling with sensible heat flux is obviously enhanced in sparse vegetation. Among the contributions of each factor to the surface fluxes, in grassland system sensible and latent heat fluxes are dominated by thermal and ecological factors, respectively; in sparse vegetation system latent heat flux is co-dominated by the soil moisture factor and leaf area index, and sensible heat flux is dominated by the thermal factor; and latent heat and sensible heat fluxes are dominated by the thermal factor in farmland and forest system. Under drought conditions, the contributions of soil moisture and ecological factors to latent and sensible heat fluxes increase in most ecosystems.

Key words: ecosystem, synergistic effects of multiple land surface factors, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, land-atmosphere coupling

中图分类号:

P461

何杭, 杨泽粟, 邬钰嫣. 气候过渡区不同生态系统多陆面因子-大气耦合特征[J]. 干旱气象, 2025, 43(2): 207-220.

HE Hang, YANG Zesu, WU Yuyan. Characterization of multi-land surface factor-atmosphere coupling in different ecosystems in the climate transition zones[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2025, 43(2): 207-220.

图/表 11

表1 站点地理信息和气候特征

Tab.1 Presentation of geographic information and climatic characteristics of four sites

站点名称	地理位置	气候过渡区	生态系统特征	年平均降水量/mm	地表能量平衡闭合状况
Metolius Mature Ponderosa Pine	121.6°W， 44.4°N	地中海气候-温带大陆性气候	ENF（常绿针叶林）	523	0.83
Vaira Ranch-Ione	121.0°W， 38.4°N	地中海气候-温带草原气候	GRA（草地）	559	0.76
Gebesee	10.9°E， 51.1°N	温带海洋性气候-温带大陆性气候	CRO（农田）	470	0.65
Santa Rita Mesquite	110.9°W， 31.8°N	热带沙漠气候-热带草原气候	WSA（稀疏植被）	380	0.70

图1 2004—2013年4个生态系统土壤湿度的月变化（a）和年际变化（b）（误差棒表示正负1个标准差，下同）

Fig.1 The monthly （a） and yearly （b） variation of SWC for four ecosystems from 2004 to 2013 （Error bars indicate plus or minus one standard deviation，the same as below）

图2 2004—2013年4个生态系统土壤温度的月变化（a）和年际变化（b）

Fig.2 The monthly （a） and yearly （b） variation of soil temperature for four ecosystems from 2004 to 2013

图3 2004—2013年4个生态系统LAI的月变化（a）和年际变化（b）

Fig.3 The monthly （a） and yearly （b） variation of leaf area index for four ecosystems from 2004 to 2013

图4 2004—2013年4个生态系统潜热通量的月变化（a）和年际变化（b）

Fig.4 The monthly （a） and yearly （b） variation of latent heat flux for four ecosystems from 2004 to 2013

图5 2004—2013年4个生态系统感热通量的月变化（a）和年际变化（b）

Fig.5 The monthly （a） and yearly （b） variation of sensible heat flux for four ecosystems from 2004 to 2013

图6 不同生态系统潜热通量（LH）与土壤湿度、土壤温度、LAI的散点图

Fig.6 Scatter plots of latent heat flux versus soil moisture， soil temperature and leaf area index for different ecosystems

图7 不同生态系统感热通量与土壤湿度、土壤温度、LAI的散点图

Fig.7 Scatter plots of sensible heat flux versus soil moisture， soil temperature and leaf area index for different ecosystems

图8 不同生态系统潜热通量和感热通量的复相关系数（R）和标准化回归系数（B1、B2、B3分别表示土壤湿度、土壤温度和LAI对通量的贡献）

Fig.8 Complex correlation coefficients （R） and standard regression coefficients of latent heat flux and sensible heat flux for different ecosystems （B1， B2 and B3 denote the contributions of soil moisture， soil temperature， and LAI to the fluxes， respectively）

图9 平均态不同生态系统土壤湿度、土壤温度、LAI对潜热通量和感热通量的贡献（单位：%）（越靠近左角代表水分因子的贡献越大；越靠近上角代表热力因子的贡献越大；越靠近右角代表生态因子的贡献越大）

Fig.9 Contributions of soil moisture， soil temperature and LAI to latent heat flux and sensible heat flux in different ecosystems under the mean state （Unit： %）（The closer to the left corner represents the larger contribution of the moisture factor， the closer to the upper corner represents the larger contribution of the thermal factor， and the closer to the right corner represents the larger contribution of the ecological factor）

图10 平均态和干旱年不同生态系统土壤湿度、土壤温度、LAI对潜热通量（a）和感热通量（b）的贡献（单位：%）（六边形代表平均态，五角星代表干旱年，箭头表示平均态到干旱年的偏移情况）

Fig.10 Contributions of soil moisture， soil temperature and LAI to latent heat flux （a） and sensible heat flux （b） in different ecosystems under the mean state and in dry year （Unit： %）（The hexagon represents the mean state， the pentagram represents the dry year， and the arrows indicate the shift from the mean state to the dry year）

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