干旱气象 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 260-267.DOI: 10.11755/j.issn.1006-7639(2023)-02-0260

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱半干旱区土壤水分对降水的脉动响应:以荒漠草原达茂旗为例

张存厚1(), 崔崴2, 越昆1, 赵杏花3(), 吴英杰2, 森迪1   

  1. 1.内蒙古自治区气象局生态与农业气象中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051
    2.水利部牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010020
    3.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-01 修回日期:2022-11-22 出版日期:2023-04-30 发布日期:2023-05-09
  • 通讯作者: 赵杏花(1981—),女,满族,呼和浩特市人,博士,教授,主要从事草地植物资源保护与利用方面的教学与科研。E-mail: zhaoxinghua2007@126.com
  • 作者简介:张存厚(1977—),男,汉族,呼和浩特市人,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事灾害监测评估与草地生态领域的研究。E-mail: zhangcunhou2004@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0020);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFHH0100);及鄂尔多斯市科技计划项目(2022YY018)

Fluctuating response of soil moisture to precipitation in arid and semi-arid areas: a case study of Damao County in desert steppe

ZHANG Cunhou1(), CUI Wei2, YUE Kun1, ZHAO Xinghua3(), WU Yingjie2, SEN Di1   

  1. 1. Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Meteorology, Inner Mongolia Meteorological Service, Hohhot 010051, China
    2. Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010020, China
    3. College of Desertification Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
  • Received:2022-06-01 Revised:2022-11-22 Online:2023-04-30 Published:2023-05-09

摘要:

大气降水是内蒙古干旱半干旱区荒漠草原土壤水分的主要补给来源,也是不同时空尺度上各种生物过程的重要驱动因子。土壤水分对降水响应过程的研究,对于调控地表覆被、科学恢复植被及促进大气降水向土壤水的有效转化具有重要价值。基于荒漠草原站点2012—2020年日降水量与2016—2020年4月下旬至10月下旬逐时降水量及0~50 cm各层土壤水分观测数据,研究降水分布格局及土壤水分对独立降水事件的响应过程。结果表明,研究区小于5.0 mm的降水事件占主导,属于典型的干旱半干旱区降水脉动事件,0~10 cm、>10~20 cm、>20~30 cm、>30~40 cm和>40~50 cm各层土壤水分响应的降水量阈值分别为3.2、9.2、14.3、16.7和25.3 mm。小雨级别独立降水事件能引起0~10 cm土壤水分响应的概率为36.0%,中雨级别独立降水事件能引起0~10 cm、>10~20 cm、>20~30 cm各层土壤水分响应的概率分别为100%、39.5%和7.0%,大雨及以上级别的独立降水事件可以引起0~50 cm各层土壤水分响应,随着土壤深度增加,土壤水分响应强度与概率呈递减态势。降水量、有效降水强度分别与0~40 cm各层土壤水分滞后时间存在显著的负相关关系,降水量与各层土壤水分增量存在极显著正相关关系。降水量与0~20 cm各层土壤水分增量符合多项式函数关系,与>20~50 cm各层土壤水分增量符合线性函数关系。

关键词: 土壤水分, 降水事件, 降水阈值, 滞后效应, 相关分析, 荒漠草原

Abstract:

Atmospheric precipitation is the main source of soil moisture in the desert grassland in arid and semi-arid areas of Inner Mongolia and an important driving factor of various biological processes at different spatial and temporal scales. The study on the response process of soil moisture to precipitation has important theoretical value for regulating land cover, restoring vegetation scientifically and promoting the effective conversion of atmospheric precipitation to soil water. Based on daily precipitation during 2012-2020, hourly precipitation and soil moisture observation data of 0-50 cm layers from late April to late October during 2016-2020 at an automatical meteorological station in the desert grassland, the precipitation distribution pattern and the response process of soil moisture to independent precipitation events were analyzed. The results show that the precipitation events less than 5.0 mm were dominant, which belonged to typical precipitation pulsation event in arid and semi-arid areas. The precipitation thresholds of soil moisture response for 0-10 cm, >10-20 cm, >20-30 cm, >30-40 cm and >40-50 cm layer were 3.2, 9.2, 14.3, 16.7 and 25.3 mm, respectively. The probability of 0-10 cm soil moisture response caused by independent precipitation event of light rain was 36.0%, and the probability of moderate rain causing soil moisture response in 0-10 cm, >10-20 cm, >20-30 cm layer were 100%, 39.5% and 7.0%, respectively, while heavy rain and above could cause soil moisture response in all layers of 0-50 cm. With the increase of soil depth, the probability and degree of soil moisture response to precipitation in each layer showed a decreasing trend. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between precipitation (or effective precipitation intensity) and soil moisture lag time in each layer of 0-40 cm, and there was an extremely significant positive correlation between precipitation and soil moisture increment in each layer. The relationship between precipitation and soil moisture increment of 0-20 cm layers was polynomial function, and that between precipitation and soil moisture increment of >20-50 cm layers was linear function.

Key words: soil moisture, precipitation event, precipitation threshold, lag effect, correlation analysis, desert steppe

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